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APUSH > Progressivism and WWI > Flashcards

Progressivism and WWI Flashcards

1
Q

progressivism

A

society capable of improvement didn’t like natural laws, laissez faire, or social darwinism

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2
Q

Reform impulses

A

antimonopoly-breakup/ regulate trusts
social cohesion-individuals are part of a great web of social relations
knowledge- apply knowledge to society

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3
Q

muckrakers

A

journalists who directed public attention toward social, economic, and political injustice, commited o exposing scandal, corruption, injustice,
Targets: Trusts and Railroads
helped inspire americans to take action

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4
Q

Charles Francis Adams Jr.

A

uncovered corruption among the railroad barons

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5
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

muckracker studied Standard Oil trust

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6
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A

muckracker reporter for McClures magazine wrote the Shame of the Cities portarits of “machine governemnt” and “boss rule” studied moral outrage helped arouse for refrom

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7
Q

social justice

A

justice that goes beyond the individual, seeking justice for sociaty as a whole( support egaltarian society and poor and oppressed people?

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8
Q

social gospel

A

redeeming the nations cities
applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as wealth perceived as excessive, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war

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9
Q

Walter Rauschenbush

A

protestant theologian published influnetial ideas for human salvation thru christian reform believed all individual should work together to ensure a humanitarian evolution of the social fabric

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10
Q

Father John A Ryan

A

worked to expand scope of catholic social welfare organizations

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11
Q

social darwinism

A

survival of the fittest

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12
Q

Jacob Riis

A

exposed immigrant neighborhoods with photos

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13
Q

settlement house

A

immigrant homes that helped immigrants settle and adapt to to the language plus customs, staffed by members of educated middle class college women iportant participants, social workers began to appear in universities because of settlement houses

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14
Q

Hull House

A

1889 Chicago settlement house by Jane Addams model for many, staffed by members of educated middle class

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15
Q

Thorstein Veblem

A

proposed a new economic system in which power would reside in the hands of highly trained engineers

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16
Q

a new middle class

A

new professional jobs ex. managers, technicians, accountanats workers etc, cities required commercial, medical, legal, educational services valued education

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17
Q

American Medical Association(AMA)

A

called for strict, scientific standards for admission to the practice of medicin with doctors as standards

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18
Q

National Association of Manufactures and States Chamber of Commerce(1912)

A

1895 like the AMA for busisness

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19
Q

National Farm Bureau Federation

A

netwrok of agricultural organizations designed to spread scientific farming methods

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20
Q

Women in wrokplace

A

felt that women needed to be protcted so the ony jobs available were settlement houses, social work, teaching, nursing

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21
Q

“new women”-reasons for women in workplace

A

income came from factory not home, children began school earlier, home no longer an all consuming place, technological improvemnts made housewrok easier,declining family size

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22
Q

Lillian Wald

A

helped with settlement house

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23
Q

Frances Willard

A

temperance movement

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24
Q

Anna Howard Shay`

A

suffrage movement`

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25
Q

feminists

A

believed they had to stay single in order to play roles in the public world

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26
Q

“Boston marriages”

A

Lesbian Marriage

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27
Q

Womens Clubs

A

began as cultural organizations to provide middle and high class women an outlet for their intellectual energies began to concern with social betterment had nonpartisan images, raised challenges of the proper role of women in society, movement allowe women to define a space for hemselves in the public world withoout challenging male dominated order did uncontroversial reforms

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28
Q

General Federation of Womens Clubs

A

coordinate activties of local organizations 1892

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29
Q

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

A

book women and Economicssaid gender roles were dumb club

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30
Q

Children’s Bureau in the Labor Departemnt

A

directed to develop policies to protect children

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31
Q

Womens Trade Union League(WTUL)

A

1903 founded by female union members and upperclass reforms committeed to persuading women to join unions held public meetings on behalf of female workers, raised money to support strikes, marched on picket lines, bailded strking women out of jail.

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32
Q

women suffrage

A

largets reform movement radical demand “natural rights” women deserved equality but there was a “female” sphere suffrage was associated with divorce, and promiscuity, looseness and neglect of children

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33
Q

ELizabeth Cady Stanton

A

said women should be equal with men

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34
Q

Carrie Chapman Catt

A

journalist who helped increase membership of the NAWSA

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35
Q

National American Woman Suffrage Association

A

justified suffrage in a safer way
said it wouldnt challenge the public sphere
help temperance movement
war would end
WWI helped movemnent
suffrage was gained in 1910 -1920 where every state had suffrage

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36
Q

19TH amendment

A

gave political rights to women 1920

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37
Q

Alice Paul

A

head of the militant national womens party founded in 1916 argued that 19th amendment wouldnt be enough

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38
Q

Secret Ballot

A

reduced political party influence

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39
Q

Middle Class Progressives

A

attacked city bosses, saloon owners, brothel keepers, political machines , urban working people (immigrants)

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40
Q

Commision Plan

A

mayor and council replaced by an elected , nonpartisan commision 1907 des moines iowa tried this

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41
Q

City-manager plan

A

officials hired an outside expert-often a professionally trained busisness manager or engineer to take charge of the city government

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42
Q

Tom Johnson

A

mayor of Cleveland waged a long war against the powerful streetcar intersts in his city

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43
Q

social democracy

A

bettterment of society= progressivism

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44
Q

initiative

A

allowed reformers to circumventstate legislatures by submitting new legislation directly to voters in general elections

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45
Q

referendrum

A

provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate approval

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46
Q

direct primary

A

attempt to take the selection of candidates away from the bosses and give it to the people

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47
Q

recall

A

gave voters the right to remove a public official from office at a special election which could be called after a sufficient number of citizens had signed a petition

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48
Q

Reform measures 1903-1908

A

laws restricting lobbying by busisness interests in state legislatures, banned campaign contributioons by corporations, forbade public officials to accept free passes from railroads, workmens compensation, pensions for widows with children

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49
Q

Governor Charles Evans Hughes

A

exploited progressive sentiment to create a commission to regulate public utiliities (NY)

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50
Q

Governor Hiram Johnson

A

(california) limited political power of the SOuthern Pacific railroad

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51
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

(NJ)used executive leadership to win reforms designed to end New Jerseys widely denounced position as the mother of trusts

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52
Q

Robert M La Follette

A

Wisconsin under his leadership WIsconsin won approval of direct primaries, initiatives, referendrums, regulated railroads+ utilities, passed laws to regulate the workplace and provide compensation for laborers on the job, graduated taxes on inheritied fortunes, doubled levies on RR, said reform was not just responsibility of politicans but also newspapers, citizens, educational institutions, busisness,etc

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53
Q

Secret Ballot

A

reduced political party influence

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54
Q

“interest groups”

A

professional organizations, trade associations, industries, labor organizations, farm lobbies, social workers, settlement house movement, womens clubs,

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55
Q

AFL

A

Samuel Gompers aid people shouldnt rely on government

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56
Q

Union Labor Party

A

passed a child labor law, workmens compensation law, limitation on working hours for women`

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57
Q

Charles Francis Murphy

A

fused techniques of boss rule with concerns of social reform

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58
Q

Tammany Hall

A

used its political power on behalf of legislation to improve working conditions, protect child laborers

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59
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A

fire in factory people were trapped so a state commision evaluated conditions if workplace and issues a series of reports calling fro reforms with support of Senator RObert F. Wagner and Assemblyman Alfred E. Smith they steered through pioneering labor laws that imposed strict regulations on factory owners

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60
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

work for immediate self improvement rather than long range change(moderate)

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61
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

wanted to eliminate prejudicie and race, wanted full university education, fight for civil rights(Radical)

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62
Q

Niagara Movement

A

led by W.E.B. du bois in canada a call for opposition to racial segregation

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63
Q

National Association of Colored People(NAACP)

A

du bois director led the drive for equal rights using as its principal weapon lawsuits in the federal courts

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64
Q

Guinn v. United States(1915)

A

grandafather clause unconstitutional denied vote to any citizen whose ancestors had not been enfranchised in 1860

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65
Q

Buchanon v. Worley(1917)

A

law requiring raciail segregation was struck down in louisville KY

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66
Q

Jessie Daniel Ames(white)

A

southern women opposed to lynching

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67
Q

Ida Wells Barnett

A

worked both on her own and with National assocaition of colored women and the womens convention of national baptisit church to try and discredit lynching and challenge segregation

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68
Q

Temperance movement

A

advoactes:
Wroking class wives and mothers-reform male behavior+improve womens lives
Employers-employees came late and drunk
Critics of Economic privildege-a sinister trust was the liquor industry
political reformers-saw it as urabn machines

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69
Q

Womens Christian Temperance Union(WCTU)

A

led by Frances Willard 1879 joined by the anti-saloon league began to press for a speccific legislative solution to the legal abolition of saloons , and prohibtion of sale and manufactures of alcohol

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70
Q

18th amendment

A

aboltion of alcohol not ratified by CT and RI january 1920

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71
Q

eugencies

A

science of altering the reproductive proceses of plants and animals to produce bew hybrids/breeds it was an effort to grade races and groups according to genetic qualities funded by the Carnagie foundation

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72
Q

Madison Grant

A

wrote the Passsing of the Great Race nativist warned of the importance of protecting the anglo-saxon race

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73
Q

opponents of nativists

A

TR, employers, immigrants, political representatives but WWI helped block immigraton temporarily

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74
Q

socialist party

A

leader Eugene V. Debs advocates: urban immigrants, Protestant farmers in south and Midwest, Lincoln Steffens, Walter Lippmann, Florence Kelly, Frances Willard supported pacifism and labor organizing agreed on basic structural changes in the economy

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75
Q

Industrial Workers of The World( IWW) “Wobblies”

A

under leadership of Willam “BIg Bill” Hay… advoacted a single union for all workers and aboltion of the “wage Slave” system championed cause of unskilled workers it was shutdown by the govt after the timber strike

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76
Q

Louis D. Brandies

A

wrote Othe rPeoples Moeny it was about the “curse of bigness” said that large busisness were inefficient said gobt must regulate competition

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77
Q

Herbert Croly

A

19090 book the promise of American Life focused on the coordination of the industrail ecnomy

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78
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Conservative-became presidentwhen William McKinley was assassinated champion of cautcious moderate change advoacted regualtion of trusts etc

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79
Q

Department of Commerce and Labor

A

1903 was to assist in the task through its instiagatory arm, the aBureau of corporations

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80
Q

1904 election

A

Roosevelt vs Alton B. Parker

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81
Q

“square Deal”

A

conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

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82
Q

Hepburn Act

A

1906 sought to restore some regulatory authority to the govt satisfied few

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83
Q

Pure foods and Drug Act

A

restricted the sale of dangerous or ineffective medicines

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84
Q

Upton Sinclairs

A

book the Jungle 1906 descriebed meatpacking indusrty helped gain the meat act

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85
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A

helped eliminate many disseases once transmitted in impure meat

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86
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

chief forester(conservative)

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87
Q

National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act)

A

provided federal funds fo the constuction of dams, reservoirs, canals in the wast

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88
Q

John Muir

A

leading perservationist founder of the Sierra club`

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89
Q

National park System

A

purpose to protect public land from any exploitation or develpopment

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90
Q

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

A

worried about finding water to serve population saw Hetch Hetchy as an idal place for a dam Muir opposed Pinchot approved of this dam with no regard to muir

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91
Q

Panic of 1907

A

blame roosevelts economic plan constucted a pool of the assets of several NY banks to prop up shaky financial institutions

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92
Q

William Howard Tf=aft

A

president in 1909 vs William Jennings Bryan

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93
Q

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

A

reduced tariff rates `

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94
Q

Children’s Bureau

A

to investigate welfare of the lives of children Julia Lathrop first chief of the burea

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95
Q

Louis Glavis

A

charged ballinger for corruption etc took the evidencet to Pinchot wh took the charges to the president taft said it was fine but Pinchot was not ahppy Glavis was fired and Pinchot was too for insubordinaion
President William Howard Taft disappointed many conservationists by the appointment of Richard Ballinger, a lawyer and former mayor of Seattle, to head the Department of the Interior in 1909. Ballinger was convinced that Theodore Roosevelt had improperly used his power to move large tracts of public lands into reserve status; the new secretary of the interior began the process of opening some tracts to commercial users.This issue became a national controversy when Louis Glavis, an Interior employee, charged that Ballinger had acted improperly by opening Alaskan coal fields to private mining interests. Glavis turned for support to Gifford Pinchot, the Chief Forester and longtime friend of Roosevelt. In the public eye, the matter became a struggle between Pinchot and Ballinger over the future of conservation; Glavis was soon forgotten.

Both Congress and the president conducted investigations and concluded that Ballinger had acted properly in the Alaskan coal matter. Pinchot was dismissed for insubordination, having criticized Ballinger openly and Taft indirectly. Pinchot had clearly violated administration rules by corresponding directly with a member of Congress, rather than going through his superior. The savvy forester realized that he would lose his job, but was pleased to have the opportunity to bring the conservation issue front and center.The Ballinger-Pinchot revealed deep fault lines in the Republican Party and finally ended the strained friendship between Taft and Roosevelt.

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96
Q

New Naionalism

A

roosevelt moved away from conservatism he supported graduated income, inheritence taxees, workers compensation for industrial accidents, regulation of labor of women and children, tariff revision, friemer regualtion of corporations advocated acceptin economic concentration and using government to regulate

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97
Q

1910 election

A

republican nomination taft vs. roosevelt taft won so roosevelt started the progressive party and nominated himself as the presidential candidate

98
Q

Bull Moose Party

A

party advoacted regualtion of trusts, reform of govt, compensation by govt for workers injured on the job, pensions for elederly and widows with children and women suffrage

99
Q

New Freedom

A

Woodrow Wildon believed bigness was inefficient

100
Q

Presidential Elction of 1912

A

Woodrow Wilson Won (democrat) vs Taft (republican) TR(progressive) EUgene V, Debs( socialist)

101
Q

Underwood-Simmons Tariff

A

provided cuts enough to intorduce real competition into ameican markets help breaking of trusts

102
Q

16th amendment

A

approved a graduate income tax

103
Q

Federal Resserve Act

A

December 23, 1913 created 12 regional banks eacht o be owned +controlled bu indiviudal banks of its district they would hold certain percentage of the assets of their member banks in reserve they would use those reserves to support loans to priavte banks at an interest or discount rate issue a new type of paper currency that would beome thae nations basic medium of trade backed bby the govt

104
Q

Federal Trade Commission Act

A

created a regulatory agency that would help busisnessses determine in advance whether their actiosn would be acceptable to the govt

105
Q

Keating Owen act

A

first federal law regulating child labor the measure prohibited the shipment of goods produced by underage children across state lines court said no

106
Q

Smith-Lever Act

A

1914 offered matching federal grants to support agricultural extension education court said no too

107
Q

Civvilized Nation(roosevelt)

A

predominately white and economically developed

108
Q

Russo-Japanesse peace confeence

A

japanese attacke drussian port at china both hoped to control china so roosevelt trying to prevent them from doing this agreed to ednt the conflict japanesse won and the us still got to tade there freely

109
Q

“Great White Fleet”

A

battleships sent to the pacific to ensure that the Japanesse govt recognized the power of the US

110
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

1904 said that they had the right to the monroe doctrine + could intervene into the domestic affairs of its neighbors if those neighbors proved unable to maintain order first used on the dominican republic

111
Q

Platt amedndment

A

gave the us the right to prevent sny other foreign power from intrufing onto the new natio

112
Q

Panama Canal

A

linke dthe atlanntic and pacific

113
Q

John Hay

A

secretary of staet to negotiat agreemens with colombian diplomats in WA that would allow pana constrcution to begin

114
Q

Tomas Herrén

A

unwisely signed an agreeement with the panam canal but the columbian senate said no/

115
Q

Phillippe Bunau-Varill

A

chief engineer od the french canal projet nov 1903 helped organize revolution in panama so the US went to maintain ored this prevented columbia forces from suppressing rebellion and then the terms were accepted

116
Q

Philander C Knox

A

Tafts secreatry of State worked to extend american investments called it Dollar Diplomaices

117
Q

Wilsons Moral Diplomacy

A

helped crate a Haiti constituiton, bought a colony from Denamrk to ensure Germany didnt renamed it the virgin islands, signed a treaty with Nicaragua saying no othe nation could build a canal there
Moral diplomacy is a system created by Woodrow Wilson in which support is given only to countries whose moral beliefs are similar to that of the U.S. (i.e. democratic governments.) It was created as a means of economically injuring non-democratic countries (seen as possible threats to the U.S.) and hopefully increasing the number of democratic nations, particularly in Latin America

118
Q

Veracruz

A

mexican incident at the brink of war and forced Huerto to flee the country

119
Q

Triple Entente(Allies)

A

Britian, France, and Russia, Italy

120
Q

The Triple Alliance(Central Powers)

A

Germany, Austo Hungarian Empire, and Ottoman EMpire

121
Q

Lusitania

A

germans submarines sank the british ship

122
Q

1916 Election

A

Woodrow Wilson (democratic) vs Charles E Hughes ( republican) Wilson won

123
Q

Self-Determination`

A

self-government: government of a political unit by its own people.

124
Q

Zimmermann Telegram

A

proposed that int he event of war between germany and the us the mexicans would join with germany agaisnt the americans to regain their lost provinces

125
Q

Declartion of war WWI US

A

April 6 1916

126
Q

Russian Revolution

A

russia got out of war Bolshevik Revolution Novemeber 1917 new govt led by V.I Lenin negotiated the Brest-Litovsk treaty with germany freeing additional german troops to fight on the western front (french)

127
Q

Selective Service Act

A

draftmid may thus forming the American Expeditionary Force( AEF)

128
Q

American Psychological Association

A

gave IQ tests to measure intellignece but it measeured education instead

129
Q

General John J Pershing

A

general in the WWI

130
Q

ChIâteau Thierry (battle)

A

june 1918 american forces assisted the french in repelling german offensivve that had brought german forces within 50 miles of paris got rid of germans from paris

131
Q

Meuse-Argonne offensive (battle)

A

spetember 26 american fighting force joined a large assault against the germans in the argonne forest lasted 7weeks by the end of october despite terrbile weather they had helped push the germans back toward their their own borded and had cut the enemys major supplu lines to the front

132
Q

armistice

A

germans seeked an armistice an immediate cease fire that serve as a perlude to negotiants amon the belligerants warr ended on Novemeber 11, 1918

133
Q

new technology

A

trench warfare, tanks, and flamethrows, chemical weapons, called for gas masks because of poisonous mustard gas required logistics airplanes( serve as bombers, fighters, reconaissance aircraft and dog fights) Navy, submarines reponsible for the horrific number of casualties and injuries

134
Q

Paying for the war

A

sold Liberty Bonds-sale of bnds to bothindividual and institutions , and new axes some from levies on the “excess profits” with the graduated income, and inheritance taxes`

135
Q

Council of National Defense

A

organized economy to meet war needs in 1916 composed members of wilsons cabinet and a civilian avisory commission which set up local defense councils in every state and locaity

136
Q

war boars

A

over seeers of different aspects of the economy ex railroads, food etc

137
Q

War Industries Board (WIB)

A

july 1917 to oordinate govt purchases of milllitary supplies restructered in march 1918 under the control of Brenard Baruch he decided which factories would convert to producing millitary supplies set prics for goods produced, when materials wer scare he diecided where they would go, chose between corporations competing for govt contraccts, provided cetralized regulation of the economy(radical appraoch)

138
Q

NAtional War Labor Board

A

april 1918 resolved labor disputes it presseured industries to grant workers 8hr day, minimal living standards, =pay forwomen doing =work, recognition of the right of unions to organize and bargain collectively in return it insisted that workers forgo all strikes and that employers not engage in lockouts

139
Q

Western Federation of Mines

A

staged a series of strikes to improve the terrible conditions in the underground mines ex Ludlow CO, strikes turned into a masssacre many died

140
Q

Great Migration`

A

Push: poverty, indebtness, racism, violence,
Pull: prospect of factory jobs in th urban north, more freedom for blacks

141
Q

Jessie Daniel Ames(white)

A

southern women opposed to lynching

142
Q

Ida Wells Barnett

A

worked both on her own and with National assocaition of colored women and the womens convention of national baptisit church to try and discredit lynching and challenge segregation

143
Q

Temperance movement

A

advoactes:
Wroking class wives and mothers-reform male behavior+improve womens lives
Employers-employees came late and drunk
Critics of Economic privildege-a sinister trust was the liquor industry
political reformers-saw it as urabn machines

144
Q

Womens Christian Temperance Union(WCTU)

A

led by Frances Willard 1879 joined by the anti-saloon league began to press for a speccific legislative solution to the legal abolition of saloons , and prohibtion of sale and manufactures of alcohol

145
Q

18th amendment

A

aboltion of alcohol not ratified by CT and RI january 1920

146
Q

eugencies

A

science of altering the reproductive proceses of plants and animals to produce bew hybrids/breeds it was an effort to grade races and groups according to genetic qualities funded by the Carnagie foundation

147
Q

Madison Grant

A

wrote the Passsing of the Great Race nativist warned of the importance of protecting the anglo-saxon race

148
Q

opponents of nativists

A

TR, employers, immigrants, political representatives but WWI helped block immigraton temporarily

149
Q

socialist party

A

leader Eugene V. Debs advocates: urban immigrants, Protestant farmers in south and Midwest, Lincoln Steffens, Walter Lippmann, Florence Kelly, Frances Willard supported pacifism and labor organizing agreed on basic structural changes in the economy

150
Q

Industrial Workers of The World( IWW) “Wobblies”

A

under leadership of Willam “BIg Bill” Hay… advoacted a single union for all workers and aboltion of the “wage Slave” system championed cause of unskilled workers it was shutdown by the govt after the timber strike

151
Q

Louis D. Brandies

A

wrote Othe rPeoples Moeny it was about the “curse of bigness” said that large busisness were inefficient said gobt must regulate competition

152
Q

Herbert Croly

A

19090 book the promise of American Life focused on the coordination of the industrail ecnomy

153
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Conservative-became presidentwhen William McKinley was assassinated champion of cautcious moderate change advoacted regualtion of trusts etc

154
Q

Department of Commerce and Labor

A

1903 was to assist in the task through its instiagatory arm, the aBureau of corporations

155
Q

1904 election

A

Roosevelt vs Alton B. Parker

156
Q

“square Deal”

A

conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

157
Q

Hepburn Act

A

1906 sought to restore some regulatory authority to the govt satisfied few The Hepburn Act 1906 is a United States federal law that formally gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the authority to establish maximum railroad rates. This power enabled the government to discontinue free passes to loyal shippers

158
Q

Pure foods and Drug Act

A

restricted the sale of dangerous or ineffective medicines

159
Q

Upton Sinclairs

A

book the Jungle 1906 descriebed meatpacking indusrty helped gain the meat act

160
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A

helped eliminate many disseases once transmitted in impure meat

161
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

chief forester(conservative)

162
Q

National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act)

A

provided federal funds fo the constuction of dams, reservoirs, canals in the wast

163
Q

John Muir

A

leading perservationist founder of the Sierra club`

164
Q

National park System

A

purpose to protect public land from any exploitation or develpopment

165
Q

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

A

worried about finding water to serve population saw Hetch Hetchy as an idal place for a dam Muir opposed Pinchot approved of this dam with no regard to muir

166
Q

Panic of 1907

A

blame roosevelts economic plan constucted a pool of the assets of several NY banks to prop up shaky financial institutions

167
Q

William Howard Tf=aft

A

president in 1909 vs William Jennings Bryan

168
Q

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

A

reduced tariff rates `

169
Q

Children’s Bureau

A

to investigate welfare of the lives of children Julia Lathrop first chief of the burea

170
Q

Louis Glavis

A

charged ballinger for corruption etc took the evidencet to Pinchot wh took the charges to the president taft said it was fine but Pinchot was not ahppy Glavis was fired and Pinchot was too for insubordinaion

171
Q

New Naionalism

A

roosevelt moved away from conservatism he supported graduated income, inheritence taxees, workers compensation for industrial accidents, regulation of labor of women and children, tariff revision, friemer regualtion of corporations advocated acceptin economic concentration and using government to regulate

172
Q

1910 election

A

republican nomination taft vs. roosevelt taft won so roosevelt started the progressive party and nominated himself as the presidential candidate

173
Q

Bull Moose Party

A

party advoacted regualtion of trusts, reform of govt, compensation by govt for workers injured on the job, pensions for elederly and widows with children and women suffrage

174
Q

New Freedom

A

Woodrow Wildon believed bigness was inefficient

175
Q

Presidential Elction of 1912

A

Woodrow Wilson Won (democrat) vs Taft (republican) TR(progressive) EUgene V, Debs( socialist)

176
Q

Underwood-Simmons Tariff

A

provided cuts enough to intorduce real competition into ameican markets help breaking of trusts

177
Q

16th amendment

A

approved a graduate income tax

178
Q

Federal Resserve Act

A

December 23, 1913 created 12 regional banks eacht o be owned +controlled bu indiviudal banks of its district they would hold certain percentage of the assets of their member banks in reserve they would use those reserves to support loans to priavte banks at an interest or discount rate issue a new type of paper currency that would beome thae nations basic medium of trade backed bby the govt

179
Q

Federal Trade Commission Act

A

created a regulatory agency that would help busisnessses determine in advance whether their actiosn would be acceptable to the govt

180
Q

Keating Owen act

A

first federal law regulating child labor the measure prohibited the shipment of goods produced by underage children across state lines court said no

181
Q

Smith-Lever Act

A

1914 offered matching federal grants to support agricultural extension education court said no too

182
Q

Civvilized Nation(roosevelt)

A

predominately white and economically developed

183
Q

Russo-Japanesse peace confeence

A

japanese attacke drussian port at china both hoped to control china so roosevelt trying to prevent them from doing this agreed to ednt the conflict japanesse won and the us still got to tade there freely

184
Q

“Great White Fleet”

A

battleships sent to the pacific to ensure that the Japanesse govt recognized the power of the US

185
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

1904 said that they had the right to the monroe doctrine + could intervene into the domestic affairs of its neighbors if those neighbors proved unable to maintain order first used on the dominican republic

186
Q

Platt amedndment

A

gave the us the right to prevent sny other foreign power from intrufing onto the new natio

187
Q

Panama Canal

A

linke dthe atlanntic and pacific

188
Q

John Hay

A

secretary of staet to negotiat agreemens with colombian diplomats in WA that would allow pana constrcution to begin

189
Q

Tomas Herrén

A

unwisely signed an agreeement with the panam canal but the columbian senate said no/

190
Q

Phillippe Bunau-Varill

A

chief engineer od the french canal projet nov 1903 helped organize revolution in panama so the US went to maintain ored this prevented columbia forces from suppressing rebellion and then the terms were accepted

191
Q

Philander C Knox

A

Tafts secreatry of State worked to extend american investments called it Dollar Diplomaices

192
Q

Wilsons Moral Diplomacy

A

helped crate a Haiti constituiton, bought a colony from Denamrk to ensure Germany didnt renamed it the virgin islands, signed a treaty with Nicaragua saying no othe nation could build a canal there

193
Q

Veracruz

A

mexican incident at the brink of war and forced Huerto to flee the country

194
Q

Triple Entente(Allies)

A

Britian, France, and Russia, Italy

195
Q

The Triple Alliance(Central Powers)

A

Germany, Austo Hungarian Empire, and Ottoman EMpire

196
Q

Lusitania

A

germans submarines sank the british ship

197
Q

1916 Election

A

Woodrow Wilson (democratic) vs Charles E Hughes ( republican) Wilson won

198
Q

Self-Determination`

A

self-government: government of a political unit by its own people.

199
Q

Zimmermann Telegram

A

proposed that int he event of war between germany and the us the mexicans would join with germany agaisnt the americans to regain their lost provinces

200
Q

Declartion of war WWI US

A

April 6 1916

201
Q

Russian Revolution

A

russia got out of war Bolshevik Revolution Novemeber 1917 new govt led by V.I Lenin negotiated the Brest-Litovsk treaty with germany freeing additional german troops to fight on the western front (french)

202
Q

Selective Service Act

A

draftmid may thus forming the American Expeditionary Force( AEF)

203
Q

American Psychological Association

A

gave IQ tests to measure intellignece but it measeured education instead

204
Q

General John J Pershing

A

general in the WWI

205
Q

ChIâteau Thierry (battle)

A

june 1918 american forces assisted the french in repelling german offensivve that had brought german forces within 50 miles of paris got rid of germans from paris

206
Q

Meuse-Argonne offensive (battle)

A

spetember 26 american fighting force joined a large assault against the germans in the argonne forest lasted 7weeks by the end of october despite terrbile weather they had helped push the germans back toward their their own borded and had cut the enemys major supplu lines to the front

207
Q

armistice

A

germans seeked an armistice an immediate cease fire that serve as a perlude to negotiants amon the belligerants warr ended on Novemeber 11, 1918

208
Q

new technology

A

trench warfare, tanks, and flamethrows, chemical weapons, called for gas masks because of poisonous mustard gas required logistics airplanes( serve as bombers, fighters, reconaissance aircraft and dog fights) Navy, submarines reponsible for the horrific number of casualties and injuries

209
Q

Paying for the war

A

sold Liberty Bonds-sale of bnds to bothindividual and institutions , and new axes some from levies on the “excess profits” with the graduated income, and inheritance taxes`

210
Q

Council of National Defense

A

organized economy to meet war needs in 1916 composed members of wilsons cabinet and a civilian avisory commission which set up local defense councils in every state and locaity

211
Q

war boars

A

over seeers of different aspects of the economy ex railroads, food etc

212
Q

War Industries Board (WIB)

A

july 1917 to oordinate govt purchases of milllitary supplies restructered in march 1918 under the control of Brenard Baruch he decided which factories would convert to producing millitary supplies set prics for goods produced, when materials wer scare he diecided where they would go, chose between corporations competing for govt contraccts, provided cetralized regulation of the economy(radical appraoch)

213
Q

NAtional War Labor Board

A

april 1918 resolved labor disputes it presseured industries to grant workers 8hr day, minimal living standards, =pay forwomen doing =work, recognition of the right of unions to organize and bargain collectively in return it insisted that workers forgo all strikes and that employers not engage in lockouts

214
Q

Western Federation of Mines

A

staged a series of strikes to improve the terrible conditions in the underground mines ex Ludlow CO, strikes turned into a masssacre many died

215
Q

Great Migration`

A

Push: poverty, indebtness, racism, violence,
Pull: prospect of factory jobs in th urban north, more freedom for blacks

216
Q

Women Industry Board

A

oversee the movement of these women into the jobs left behind by men after the war it became known as the wOmens Bureau a permanent agency dedicated to protecting the interests of women in the workplace

217
Q

Peace Movement advoates

A

german americans, irish americans, religious pacifist(quakers, mennonites, others) intellectuals, socials party undustrail workers of the world, womens movement`

218
Q

Carrie Chapman Catt`

A

a leader for the fight of womens suffrage helped create the womens peace party efforts to keep the us from intervining into the war

219
Q

National American Women Suffrage Association

A

1917 largest womens organizations supported the war and more began calling for womane sufrage as a war measure to ensure that women whose work was essential to the war effort

220
Q

Revivalism

A

applying christian protestant movements into social issues ex Billy SUnday

221
Q

Committe on Public Information

A

propaganda to get people tp approve of the wardirected by journalist george creel made germans look llikr savages

222
Q

Espionage Act of 1917

A

gave the govt new tools with which to repond to reports of antiwar created stiff penalties for spyin, sabotage, or obstructions of the war effort

223
Q

Sedition Act of M ay 16

A

expanded the meaning of the Espionage act to make illegal any public expression of opposition to the war

224
Q

American Protective League

A

largest grups served as agents prying into the mail tapping in on phone calls etc. it recieved govt funds to support work supported by General Thomas W. Gregory

225
Q

Fourteen Points

A

wjanuary 8, 1918 by wilson saying what the nation was fighting for 3 categories adjusting postwar boundarires + establishing new nations, govern international conduct in the future: freedom of the seasno secrets etc., League of Nations to help implement thesse ideas

226
Q

david lloyd george

A

british prime minister

227
Q

georges clemenceau

A

president of france

228
Q

Paris peace conference

A

decmber 13, 1918 allied nations negotiate all including italy willson had hoped to dominate them

229
Q

white russians

A

anti bolshevik

230
Q

mandate system

A

system for former colonies to receive self determination

231
Q

covenant

A

provided for an assembly of antions that would meet regularly to deabte means of resolving issues + protecting the peace 9member executive councile uS, britiain, france, italy, and japan permanent

232
Q

Henry Cabot Lodge

A

chairman of the foreign relations committee tried to buy time in the ratifaction of the treaty f versailles by making sure every problem was gone through and propsd “reservations” amendments to the leaue covenant limiting american obligations to the organization

233
Q

Harlem Rensissance

A

period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

234
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

black nationalism encouraging african americans to embrace their race started the UNIA united negro improvemetn association

235
Q

American Communist Party

A

formed in1919 dominated by immigrants responsible for bombing etc.

236
Q

AMerican Civil Liberties Union(ACLU)

A

organization committed to protecting civil liberties 1917`

237
Q

19th amendment

A

gave women suffrage``

238
Q

Shepard Towner Maternity and Infancy ACt

A

1921 provided funds for supporting the health of women and infants

239
Q

Cable ACt 1922

A

granted women the right of US citizenship of their husbands status and for the proposed

240
Q

Election of 1920

A

Woodrow Wilson wanted it to be a referndrum of the league vs. Warren Gamaliel Harding wanted normalcy he won by a landlside.

APUSH (5 decks)

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