Depression and New Deal Flashcards
economic boom after ww1 cause
aftermath of ww1
technology
great industrial expansion
automobile industry
automibile indusrty
automobile indusrtry started assembly line helped the economic boom
also increased suburban housing demands
radio
theory of modulation made radios possible by reginald Fessenden
tecnology
car, radio, planes, radial energy, plastic,electronics,home apppliances, nylon, aluminium, magnesium, oil, electric power , phones,
computer
howard aiiken, vannevar bush, helped make the computer
genetics
gregor mendel, thomas hunt etc helped understand genetics
administrative system (used for companies with consolidation)
created by alfred p sloan, it was an efficient divisional organization that made it easier to control the companies subsidies
cooperation/trade association
a national organization created by various members of an industry to encourage coordination in production and marketing techniques worked well in mass production areas where competition was already limited through consolidation
goal of new era
unrealized dream was to find a way to stabilize the economy that a collapse would never happen again
new era labor
poeple were increasing welath and purchasing power 2/3 were at or above “minim comfort zone”
Welfare Capitalism
ex. Henry Ford, trade unions within a company shortened wrok week, increased wages, but labor grievances werent able to behear helped bring economic benefits but no real help/ decision on their own fate they also only survived as long as the industry itself
American Federation of Labor
it stayed to only help skilled workers, although the fastest growing area in the work force was unskilled labor William Green became president in 1924frowned on strikes
no women/minorities
pink-collar jobs
low paying service occupations, ex secreatatries, salesclerks, telephone operators,etc AFL not interested in them
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 1925
by A.PHilip Randolph union led by black he increades waged shortend hours, etc he enclisted union in battles for civili rigght for blacks
issei
japanese immigrants
nisei
japanese immigrants american born children
japanesse
took unskilled jobs etc but soem managed to escape and start busisnesss that were very skilled that us made laws to make it hard for them to buy/sell land`
large mexian barrios
raw urban communities of mexiancas they made a big majority of the unskilled workforce they found work in factories, shops, mines, faced hostility/discrimination no one actaully tried to exclude because they needed a work force
open shop
a shop in which no worked could be required to join a union
American plan
busting unions received the endorsement of National association of manufactures to help end unions courts also supported businesses
agricultural tecnologies
increased production but demand was not increasing so that left us with surpluses, decline in food prices, severe drop in farmers income, many lost ownership of their lands and had to rent instead from banks or other landlords
parity
complicated fromula for setting up adequate price for farm good and ensuring that farmers would earn back at least their production costs champions of this uged high tariffs, and a govt comittement to buy surplus domesic crops at parity and sell them abroad
McNary-Haugen Bill
legislative epression of parity this bil approved aprity for grain, cootin, tobacco, and rice, coolidge vetoed it 2times
automobile effects
expanded geographical horizons, staple of urban leisure, new suburbs, transformed idea of vacations, emergence of a well developed and relatively independent youth culture
advertising
sought to identify products with a lifestyle, invest them with glamour, and prestige, and to persuade consumers that purchasing a commodity could be a persoanlly fulfullling and enriching experience
Newspaper
being absorbed into national chains and wire sevices were making it possible for independent newspapers to carry nationally syndicated material
movies
new from of mass consumerism
motion picture association
new trade association hired will hays to head it gave hays power to review films and to ban anything likely to offend viewers(politicians)
radio
also feared govt regulation and control so it monitored program content carefully and excluded controversial/provovactive material it was less centralized than filmmaking so not as monitored
evangelical Christianity
literl interpretation of the bible, belief in trinity, attribution of human traits to the deity and to accept a faith that would help individuals to live more fulfulling lives
Harry Emerson Fosdick
most infulential spokesman for liberal protetantism but new era americans paid lessattention to religion than their elders
behaviorists
ledy by john b watson benag to challenfe the long held assumption that women had an instincitve capacity of motherhood maternal affection was not efficiant and they needed more professional help to help children
companionate marriage
middle class wife shared increasingly in husbands social life, devoted attention to cosmentics, and clothing, not willing to let children get in the way of the marriage
margaret snager
pioneer of american birtch control movement
believed that large families were the cause of poverty
emma goldman
russian immigrnat and political radical who had agitated for birth contol before wwI
women
less respected becsause they smoke, drunk, danced, wore seductive clothing, and makeup, attened parties started the “flapper” lifestyle liberated lifestyl found expression in dress hair speech behavior etc seen a sindependent but in reality women were still bery dependent
National Womens Party
alice paul pressed on its campain to make the equal rights amendement propsed in 1923 organized the league of womens voters and the womens auxiliaries thesses femal dominated consumer groups grew rapidly and ncreases the range and energy of their efforts
Sheppard- Towner Act
provided federal funds to states to establish prenatal and child health care programs but it was oppsed alice paul said it classified all women as mothers, margaret snager said it discouraged the birth conrtol movement, and the American Medical Association said that it would intorcude untrained workers to the medial sector
wilsonian idealism
the restoration of business as a=usalu the growing emphasisis on materialism and consumerism
lost generation
rather than trying to influenece and reform their socieys they isolated themselves from it and embarked on a restless search for personal fulfillment
debunkers
savage critics of modern society by a wide range or fwriters ex, H.L. Mencken ridiculed religion, politics, arts, demcoacry etc. sinclair lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald
booboisie
civilized life was not possible under a democracy because it was a from of govt that placed power into the hands of the common people
Harlem Renaissance
clebrated black life/culture in harlem NY famous pppl Langston HUghes(poet) Aarn douglas, zora neale husrton,
noble expirament
prohibition of the sale and manufacture of alcohol went into affect in 1920, reduced driking, but procuced conspicious and growing violations , it also started organized crim ex Al Capone gained suppport because of middle class progressives
wets
opponents of prohibiton not until the great depression were they able to repeal the 18th amendment
emergency immigration act
established a quota system by which annual immigration from an country could not exceed 3 percent of the number of persons in that nationality wh had beenin the us in 1910
national orgins act of 1924
strngthened the emergency immigration act by banning immgration from asia japanesses being the princial target, also reduced the quota fro europeans from 3 perecent to 2 percentit it would also be based on the 1890 cencus becuase there had been fewer southern/eastern europeans then
ku klux klan
foceusd on blacks led by william j simmons after ww1 they focused more on catholics, jews, and foreigners indianan had been the lagest state membership because of the industrail cities treid to present themselves as repecttable and patriots and community leaderstheyfeared anyone who posed a threat on traditional values worked to enforce prohibtion and prokmoted traditional values the klan declined when its leaders got involved into bad scandals like david stepheson head of the Indiana klan raped a young secretary, kidnapped her, and watched her die rather than call her a doctor
modernists
urban middleclass people who had attempted to adapt religion to techniques of science etc
fundamentalists
believed in traditional values direct wor of the bible rural men and women
American Civil LIberties Union
founded in 1920 by men and women alatrmed by the repressive legal and social cliamte of WWI and its aftermath
monkey trial
the trieal between the 2 with the evolution process being taught in school
Democratic National Convention
attempted to win approval of planks calling for the repeal of prohibition and a denunciation of the klan both planks failed but what was worse was urban democrats supported Alfred E smith(irish caatholic), and rural democrats supported William McAdoo Woodrow both withredw and they settled on John W. Davis who was easily defeated by calvin coolidge next election was herbet hoover v Al smith (democrat) couldnt unite his party becaus eof the anti catholic feeling
scandal of oil reserves at teapot dome, wyoming, and elk hills,]
at he urging of of albert B. Fall harding transferred control of those oil reserves from the navy department to the interior department fall then secretly leased them to wealthy business owners and received nearly half a million in “loans” he was convicted of bribery and sent to prsion for a year
caliv coolidge and harding
both very inactive in the role of government
Herbert Hoover
considered a notable progressive he cencouraged vlountary cooperation in the private sector believed that gove hould intervene and not be passive
asociationalism
concept that envisoned the creaton of national organizations of busisnessmen in particular industies hoover belived stabilize their industries and promote efficency in production and marketing
stock market boom
widespread speculativ efever grew more intense beause once brokerage firms began encouraging mania by recklessly offering easy credit
black tuesday
the day the market failed people believe that it was the cause of the great depression
causes of the great depression
lack of diversifiaction maldistribution of wealth domestic crediti structure-risky loans decline in trade-high tarifff international credit sturcture-evryone else is failing too
lack of diversification
if one sector failed everything faiiled which is what happened
maldistiribution of wealth
as a result decreased consumer demand which reduced the market
ill credit structure of the economy
faremers were deeply in debt, land mortgaged, crop pries too low, couldnt pay off banks failed and some large banks were making risky investments etc
americas position in international trade
european demand for goods declined because of tariffs couldnt afford to buy goods form overseas and europeans had no money to spend as they were in debt wbecause of ww1
international credit stucture
europeans were in debt tp the us and they were trying to pay off the debts but when the us couldnt loan money to germany etc germany couldnt pay france etc and france couldnt pay us etc. (one big vray circle of a mess)
dust bowl
droughts in the texas to dakota region cause the farming land to dry up and become dust
Smoot Hawley Tariff
highest import duties in history and stifled much global commerce
Okies
people who mobed from the dust bowl to california to try and find work
Scottsboro Case
9 black teens were taken off of a freight train in alabama and arrested for vagrancy and disorder later 2 white women who had also been riding the train accused them of rape there was evidence showing it was not rape an all white jury in alabama quickly convicted all 9 of the scottsboro boys and sentenced 8 of them to death
International Labor Defense
organization associated with the communist party, cam to the aid of the accused youths and began to publicize the case later the national association for the advancemnent of colored people helped too all of the boys eventually gained freedom 4 because charges were dropped 4 becuase of early paroles and one because he escaped took approxiamtely 20 years
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
began to wrok diligintly to win a position for blacks within the emerging labor movement, supporting the formation of the congress of industrial organizationsand helping to break down racial barriers within unions
walter white
secretrsay of the NAACP made a personal appearance to implore blacks not to work as strikebreakers partly as a result as such efforts more than half a million black were able to joing the labor movemn tn
union of migrant farmworkers
mexican union ultimately faieled but yeah
Japenese American Democratic Clubs
worked for laws protecting raciaal and ethnic minorities fromdiscrimination they assimilated more “american”
and formed the Japanese American Citizens League to promote their goals
success ethic
americans blamed the corporate moguls and international bankers for their distress however many aslo blamed themselves
Dale Carnegie
message was not onlythat persoanl intitiative was th route to success, it was also that the best way for people to go ahead was to fit in and make other people feel important
Federal Farm Security Administration
employed documentary photographersrs, recorded the nature of the agricultural life ex. Roy Styker, WAlker Evans, Arthur ZRothstein, Ben Shahn, etc they produced memorable studies of farm families and their surroundings, often desgned to reveal the savage impact of a hostile environment on its victims
Radio
was popular because it diveted attention away from the depression ex comedies were most popular , broadcast live provided americans with their first direct access to important public events and radio news and sports divisions grew rapidly , it drew the nation together by creating the possibility of shared experienvces and common access to culture and information helped reshape the social life of the nation, for the way it encouraged many families and individuals to center their lives more around the home than the had in the past
Will Hays
supervised / censored that movies contained no sensational/controversial messages
studio system
through which a few large movie companies exercised iron control over actors, writers, and directors, and throug which a few great moguls
Frank Capra
movie director provided muted social messages in his films as the censor/studio system couldnt prevent censordhip ltogether from exploring soial questions he celebrated the virtues of small towns and the common man diliked cities and urban rich
films
deliberately and explicitly escapist, screwball films designed to divert audiences from their troubles, and often indulge their fantasies about quick and easy wealth
Life
known for stunning photographs of sporting and theater events, natural landscapes and impressive public projects
Popular Front
antifascist, groups on the left modst important was the American COmmunist Party helped the communist party greatly it offered an escape from the lonely and difficult stance of detaacchment and aleination
American Communist PArty
had long been a harsh unrelenting critic of American Capitalism and the govt claimed was controlled by it
Abraham Lincoln Brigade
set up by the American Commuist party to try and help and fight in the war in spain to fight against the fascists
Ernest Hemingway
author spent time in spain as a correspondant and said war provided those Americans who fought in it with “a part in something which you could believe in wholly and completely and in which you felt an absolute brotherhood etc.
communist party
active as well n organizing the unemployed in the early 1930a and staged a hunger march in WA D.C. in 1931 took a firm stand in favor of racial justice, its active defense of the scottsboro defendants was an ex it was under close supervision of the soviet union took orders from there aswell once stalin signed a non agression pact with germany he sent orders to the american communist party to leave the popular front and they did
socialist party of america
under the leadership of norman thomas they cited the economic crisis as evidence of the failure of capitalism and sought vigorously to win public support for its own political program attempted to mobilize support among the rural poor
southern tenant farmers union( STFU)
supported by the socialists and organized by H.L. Mitchell attempted to create a biracial coalition of sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and others to demand economic reform, didnt make any real progres toward establishing socialsism as a major force in AMerican politics
John Steinbeck
novelist told stories of migrants from the dust bowl who moved to california
Herbert Hoover
attempted to expand policies he advocated during 8 yrs of secretarty of commerece policies that he would believede complete a stable system of cooperative individualism and sustain a succesful economy attempted to restore public confidence in the economy urged people to adopt a program of voluntary cooperation for recovery implored busisnessmen not to cut production/layoff workers, talked labor leaders into forgoing demands for higher wages/better hours
federal public works program
exhorted state and local govts to fund public construction spening was not enough didnt want govt to go into a defecit proposed a tax increase
agriculture market act
first major govt program to help farmers maintain prices federally sponsored farm board would make loans to national marketing cooperatives or establish corporations to buy surpluses and thus raise prices wanted to prtoect american farmers too by having the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
Hawley-SMoot Tariff of 19300
increased protection on 75 farm products but neither actually helped american farmers significantly the tariff actually harmed by stifiling exports for food
Hoovervilles
shanty towns that unemployed people established on the outskirts of town
International Financial Panic of the Spring of 1931
european nations depended on loans from us to make payments on their debts after 1929 they couldnt get any more loans so european nations began to fall one off the largest banks in Austria shut down creatinga chain affect on neighboring countries american economy
Reconstruction FInance Corporation (RFC)
purpose was to provide federalloans to troubled banks, rrs, and other busisnesses it even made funds available to local govts to support public works projcts and assist relief effortsbudeget of $1.5 billion failed to deal directly/forcefully enough with the real problems of the economy to produce any significant recovery lent funds onnly to financial institutions with suffcient collateral much of the money wneto to large banks and corporations, at hoovers insisitence it helped finance only those public works projects that would pay for themselves(toll bridges, public housing, and others) didnt have enough money to make impact didnt even spend all of its money
Farmers Holiday Association
endorsed the withholding of farm products from the market-in effect a farmers strike began in august in des moines iowa, succeeded in bloackading several marketsbut ended in failure`
American Veterans/ Bonus Army
built crude camps around WA D.C. and promised to stay until congress approved legislation to pay the bonus(pensions for veterans in the war) Hoover sent troops to rid the people but 2 veterans died they justified this by saying that the incident evidence of growing violence and radicalism and he ordered the us army to assist the policie in clearing out the building carried out by General DOuglas MacArthur with assistance of Dwight D. EIsenhower led the 3rd chivalry under the command off george S. Patton it was the final blow to hoovers already battered political standing
1932 presidential election
Herbert Hoover v Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDR won, (democrat)
interregnum
period between the election and the inauguration seaason of growing economic crisis
Collapse of the American Banking System
collapse of the american banking system suddenly and rapidly accelerated public confidence in the banks was ebbing, depositors were withdrawing their money in panic and one banks after another was closing its doors and declaring bankruptcy
bank holiday
close down all the banks until they reformed the banking system
EMergency Banking Act
conservative bill designed primarily to protect larger banks from being dragged down because of smaller banks the billl provided for treasusry department inspection of all banks before they would be allowed to reopen 3/4 reopened and 1billion flew back in the immediate crisis was over
economy act
desigend to convincee fiscally conservative americans that the federal govt was in a safe , responsible hands the act proposed to balance the federal budget by cutting the salaries of govt employees and reducing pensions to veterans by as muh as 15 %
Prohibition repealed
FDR signed a bill to legalize the maunfacture and sale of ber with a 3.2 % alcohol contentt an interim measure pending the repeal of prohibition repealed the 21st act
agricultural adjustment act
reduced crop production to end agricultural surpluses and halt the downward spiral of farm prices producers of 7 basic commodities would decide on production limits for crops the AA would tell individual farmers how much the should produce and would pay them subsidies for leaving some of their land idle a tax on food processing it helped bring a rise in prices for farm commodities it favored large farmers over small the supreme court said it was unconstittutional and theat the govt had no authority to require farmers to limit production but eventually left it alone
soil conservation and domestic allotment act
permittted the gobvt to pay farmers to reduce prouction so as to conserve soil prevent erosion, and accomplomish other secondary goals court didnt interfer with the new laws
resettlement admisistration
established in 1935 its successor the farm security admisinstration created in 1937 provided loans to help farmers cultivating submargianl soil to relocate to better lands
rural electrification administration
worked to maek electric power available for he first time to thousands of farmers through utility cooperativees
U.s> chambers of commerce
urged govt to adopt an antideflation scheme thatt would permit rade associations to ccoperate in stabilizing prices within their industries
national undustrial recovery act
in the center was the NRA(national recovery administration under the direction of the flamboyant and enegetic Hugh S. Johnson called everyone to accept the blanket code he said this code would raise consumer purchsing power and increase employment aslo set codes with businesses like no company would lower prices/wages in its sear for a competitive advantage but the codes were often pporly written ewlarge producers often made sure the codes were to their advantage
blanket code
minimum wage of 30-40cents per hour, a maximum workweek of 35-40 hours, and the abolition of child labor
section 7a of the National Industrail Recovery Act
promised workers the right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining and encouraged many workers to join unions for the first time but contained no enforcement mechanism so it didnt do anything really
Public Works Administration (PWA)
established in 1933 to administer the National INdustrial Recovery Acts spnending program industraial production actually declined after the NRA
Schechter Brothers Case
court ruled unanimously that the brothers were not engaged in interstate commerce (and ths not sunject to federal regualtion) congress had unconstitttionally delegated legislative power to the president to draft the NRA codes rrosevelt denounced the justices for their horse and buggy interpretation of the interstate commerce clause this case threatened many new deal reforms courts decision gave the nra an excuxse to shut down
Tennesssee Valley Authority(TVA)
pulic development of the nations water supky as a soucre of cheap electric power the TVA was authorized to generate and sell electricity from them to the public at reasonable rates it was also intended to be an agent for a comprehnsive redevelopment of the entire region: for stopping the disatorous flooding and it also encouraged the development of local industries for supervising a substantial program of reforestationm, and for helping farmers improve productivity
Muscle shoals
Tn r in AL a dam negun during WWI and left unfinished
Glass-Steagall Act of June 1933
gave the govtauthority to curb irresponsible speculation by banks, it also established a wall between commercial banking and investment banking also establihde th FDIC
Federal Deposit Insuracn Corpoation
guaranteed all bank deposits up to 2, 500
truth in securities act of 1933
requiring corporations issuing new securities t provide full and accurate information about them to the public
securities and exchange commission (SEC)
police the stock market
Federal Eergency Relief Administration (FERA)
provided cash grants to states to prop up bankrupt relief agencies Harry Hopkins distributed FERA grants
Civil Works adminstration
put people on temporary jobs like building roads, schools, and parks etc
Civilan Conservation Corps(CCC)
desigend to provide employment to the millions of young men who could not find no jobs in the cities CCC created camps in national parks and forests and in other rural and wilderness settings worked in projects such as planting trees, building reservoirs, developing parks, and improving agricultural irrigation segregated by race
Farm credit administration
which within 2 years refinanced 1/5 of all farm mortages in th us was one response to that problem the
Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy ACT OF 1933
it enabled some farmers to regain their land even after foreclosure on their mortgages
Home Owners Loan Corporation
refianced the mortgages of more than 1 million houeholders
federal housing adminstration
to insure mortgages for new construction and home repairs
American Liberty League
formed intitally to oppose prohibion of liquor to arouse public opposition to the new deals dictatorial policies and its supposed attacks on free enterprise northern industrialists
Dr. Francis E. TOwnsend / Townsend plan
all americans over the age of 60 would receive monthly govt pensions of 200 provided the retired nd spent the money in ful each month 1935 the plan had attracted many plan defeated in congress in1935 but helped support the social security systme
Charle E Coughlin
wanted monetary reform-remoetization of silver, issuing of greenbacks, and nationalization of the banking system that he insisted would restore prosperity and ensure conomic justice established the National Union for SOcial Justice
Huey P.Long
advoated the shre our welath program
share-our-welath plan
he claimed that the govt could end the deprssion by using the tax syste, to confscate the surplus riches of the wealthiest men and women in america and distribute these surpluses to the rest of the poulation
THe Holding Company Act of 1935
an ct designed to break up the great utility holding companies and he spoke harshly of monpolistic control of their industy
National Industry Recovery ACt
also invalidated the section of 7a a group of progressives in congress led by senator Robert E wagner intoriudcuce dthe National Labors Relations Act also know as the Wagner act
wagner act
providded workers with crucial enforcemtn mehanism missing from the 1933 law the national labor relations board (NLRB)
national labor relations board (NLRB)
which would have power to compel employers to recognize and gargain with legtimiate unions president not really happy witht he bill but signed it nayway
AFL
continued the idea of the craft union organizing workers on the basis of skills
industrial unionism
all workers in a particular industy should be organized in a single union regardless of skill leaders of the AFL opposed
John L Lewis
leader of thr united mine workers attemtped to work within afl but got into many arguments he then later established the Committee on Industrial Organization
Committee on Industrial Organization
when the AFL expelled the old committee Lewis renamed the committeee the congress of INdustrial Organizations(CIO) established in 1936 as an organization directly rivaling the AFL and became the 1st president it expaned the constituency of the labor movemnet it was more receptive to women and to black it targeteted previously unorganized industries(textiles, laundries, tobacco farmers, etc) where women and minorities constituted much of the work force
united auto workers (UAW)
helped establish the sit down strike which helped won over stuff
sit down stike
men waould wait inside fcatories peacefully doing nothing the female supporters would bring food etc, his way no strikebreakers could enter but its illegality aroused to much publil contorversey that people stopped doing it althpugh it won over many
Steel Workers organization committee
began a mojor organization us steeln quickly recognized them but others didnt thus leading to the memorial day massacre
memoria day masscre
littles steel comapnies succeeed but they killed many that were peacefully/ calmy gong to stike working
Social Security act
for the elderly 2 types of assistance could receive 15 a month in federal assistance for future more americans presntly working were incoporated into the penson system to whcih they and their employers would pay a apyroll tax it would provide them with an income onretirement pension paymetns woouldnt beign til 1942 only be 10-85 a month blacks ad women wee excluded from the program it also created a sstem of unemployment insurance which employers alone would finance and which made it possible for workers laid off from their jobs to receive temporarry govtt assistance
Wroks Progress Administration WPA
etablished a system of work relieffor unemployed under the direction of harry hopkins responisble for building or renovating 110,000public buildings(schools, post offices, govt office buildings) conrtcuting almost 600 airporrts, more than 500,000 miles of roads and over 100,000 bridges kept an average of 2.1 million workers employed and pumped need ed money into the economy displayed flex and immigantion to those whose occupations didnt fit into any traditional catery of relief ex federal writers project gave unemployed writers a chance to do their work and receive govt salary
new welfare systems dealth with genders
men-concentrated mainly on work relief through CCC, CWA, and WPA
girls-not wrok relief but cash assistance ex social security act
Alf M landon
republican candiate versus roosevelt
union forces
establisehed by father coughlin, Dr.Townsend, Gerald L. K. SMith which niminated an undistinguished north dakota congressman william lemke for president
Court Packin
Franklin D R wanted to add more congressman to the cort (6) said that the judges now were overworked and needed additional man power and younger blood to enable to cope with their increasing burdens this was a hunger of powere t
Treasury Secretary Henry Morgethau
believed hat depression wasnt the issue anymor but inflation persuaded the presidentto cut the WPA in half laying off 1.5 million relief workers the boom collapsed buts in spenig folowed
Recesdion of 1937/Roosevelt recession
result of many factors many say direct cause of reduced spending the president asked congress for an emergency appropriation of 5 billion for public works and relief programs and govt funds soon began pouring into the economy once again
Temporary National Economic COmmittee
(TNECO members included representatives of both houses of congress and officals from severla executive agencies
thurman arnold
new head of the antitrust division appointed by roosevelt
Fair Labor Standards Act
established a national minimium wage ad a 40 hour work week and also placed strict limits o child labor
end of the new deal
ende by the ww2
Broker State
instaead of frogin all element sof sociaety into a single harmoniuous unit the real achievement of the new deal was to elevate and strengthen new interst groups so as to allow them to compete more effictevily in the national marketplace made the federal govt a mdeiator in that continioous competitionn a force that could intervene when necssary to help some groups and limit the power of others
black cabinet
blacks appointed by roosevelt theae inclide robert weaver, william hastie, and mary mc Leod Bethune
John Collier
helped the indian movement by not making them assimiliat into american life but keep their way of life helped eget the indian reorganization act of 1934
indian reorganization act of 1934
that restored to the tibes the right to own land collectively reversed allotment policy etc
Womens divison of he democratic national committee
led by molly dewson was also influential in securing their role within the democratic party
