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APUSH > progressive era > Flashcards

progressive era Flashcards

1
Q

Jacob Riis

A
  • Godfather of Muckraking
  • Published How the Other Half Lives (1890)
  • Purpose: for prosperous New Yorkers to see immigrant poverty in the NYC tenements
  • Effect: new regulations went into effect to improve the conditions
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2
Q

Ida Tarbell

A
  • muckraker
  • Published The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904)
  • Purpose: Portrayed Rockefeller and his company as corrupt and working against public interest
  • Effect: Outcry for antitrust prosecution, which occurred during the Taft Administration and SO was broken up by SCOTUS
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2
Q

Upton Sinclair

A
  • muckraker
  • Published The Jungle (1904)
  • Purpose: Show people the awful living conditions that immigrant workers faced in Chicago & hoped to advance socialism in US
  • Effect: popular outcry for regulation of the meat industry (Meat Inspection Act was a result)
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3
Q

Teddy Roosevelt

A
  • 1901-1909
  • Republican
  • “Trust Buster”
  • Northern Securities Case
  • Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food & Drug act
  • Conservation efforts
  • Square Deal
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4
Q

William H. Taft

A
  • 1909 - 1913
  • Republican
  • Believed that a monopoly was acceptable as long as it didn’t unreasonably squeeze out smaller companies
  • Lost the 1912 election because TR challenged him with a third party run
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5
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • 1913 - 1921
  • Democrat
  • Clayton Antitrust Act
  • Progressive Amendments 16-19
  • Keating-Owen act (child labor)
  • Segregated the Federal Workforce
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6
Q

4 goals of the progressives

A
  • Social Welfare
  • Moral Improvement
  • Economic Reform
  • Efficiency
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7
Q

Square deal

A
  • Created by President Roosevelt
  • Goal - keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor
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8
Q

Elkins Act (1903)

A

Allowed the government to fine railroads that gave special rates to favored shippers, a practice that hurt farmers

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9
Q

Hepburn Act (1906)

A

Empowered the ICC to enforce limits on the prices charged by railroad companies for shipping, tolls, ferries, and oil pipelines

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10
Q

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

A

an agency that sets the laws for all the companies that do business across state lines

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11
Q

Department of Commerce and Labor

A

established by Roosevelt to prevent capitalists from abusing their power

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12
Q

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

A

Provided inspections and monitoring of meat plants

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13
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

Banned the interstate shipments of impure or mislabeled food or medicine

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14
Q

National Reclamation Act of 1902

A
  • Gave the federal government power to distribute water in the arid west
  • Effectively giving government the power to decide where and how water would be dispensed
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15
Q

New Freedom Plan

A

Wilson’s plan that called for strict government controls over corporations

16
Q

“Triple wall of privilege”

A

Tariffs, banks, and trusts

17
Q

Underwood Tariff Act (1913)

A
  • Cut tariffs leading to lower consumer prices
  • Created graduated income tax
18
Q

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

A
  • Established a system of regional banks to hold reserve funds for the nation’s commercial banks
  • Protects against any one person, bank, or region from controlling interest rates
19
Q

Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)

A
  • monitor businesses to prevent monopolies, false advertising, and dishonest labeling
20
Q

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

A
  • Defined specific activities in which businesses could not engage
  • Opposed trusts that engaged in unfair practices
  • Protected unions from being defined as trusts, allowing them more freedom to organize
21
Q

Sixteenth Amendment (1913)

A

Gave Congress the power to collect an income tax

22
Q

Seventeenth Amendment (1913)

A

Provided for the direct election of Senators by the voters of each State

23
Q

Eighteenth Amendment (1919)

A

Banned the making, selling, or transporting of alcoholic beverages

24
Q

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

A

Gave women the right to vote in all elections

25
Q

Northern Securities Case

A
  • Supreme Court case that allowed J.P. Morgan’s monopoly of railroads to be regulated by means of the Sherman Anti Trust Act
  • President Theodore Roosevelt initiated this court case and it allows for government regulation of business for the first time
25
Q

Keating-Owen Act (1916)

A

Prohibited the transportation across state lines of goods produced with child labor

26
Q

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

A

Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women’s health

27
Q

Bunting v. Oregon (1917)

A

The Supreme Court upheld a 10-hour work day for men and women

28
Q

Australian Ballot

A

Secret ballot printed by the state

29
Q

Initiative

A

Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot

30
Q

Referendum

A

Allows citizens to approve/veto a law passed by the legislature

31
Q

Recall

A
  • Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
  • Got rid of bad politicians while they were in office
32
Q

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

A
  • Leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  • Strategies: Try to win suffrage state by state and try to pass a Constitutional Amendment
33
Q

Carrie Chapman Catt

A
  • Led the NAWSA
  • Believed in careful state by state strategy
  • Supported President Wilson even thought he didn’t outright support suffrage because Democrats were a safer bet than Republicans
  • Acted ladylike so as not to embarrass the movement
34
Q

Alice Paul

A
  • Led the NWP and believed in more aggressive strategies
  • Refused to support Wilson
  • Focused on passing a Constitutional Amendment
35
Q

National Women’s Party

A
  • Founded by Alice Paul
  • Used parades and public demonstrations; practiced social
  • Disobedience - jailed for actions
36
Q

Anti-Suffragist Beliefs

A
  • Women were high-strung, irrational, and emotional
  • Women were not smart or educated enough
  • Women should stay home
  • Women were too physically frail and would get tired just by walking to the polling station
  • Women would become masculine if they voted

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