AP EXAM: suprime court decisions Flashcards
What case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
Established the Supreme Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional, marking its role as a co-equal branch of government.
Which case ruled that states cannot tax the federal government?
McCulloch v. Maryland
Upheld Congress’s implied powers via the Necessary and Proper Clause and affirmed the constitutionality of the national bank.
What was the significance of Gibbons v. Ogden?
Strengthened federal power over interstate commerce
Laid the foundation for future regulation of the national economy under the Commerce Clause.
What did Dred Scott v. Sanford declare about African Americans?
Declared they were not citizens
Also stated that Congress could not ban slavery in territories, accelerating the path to the Civil War.
What precedent did the Slaughterhouse Cases set?
Narrowly interpreted the 14th Amendment
Limited its power to protect civil rights against state infringement, weakening federal protection for decades.
What was the outcome of Wabash v. Illinois?
States could not regulate interstate commerce
Led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the first federal regulatory agency.
What doctrine was upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson?
Legalized ‘separate but equal’ segregation
Institutionalized racial segregation until it was overturned in 1954.
What was the ruling in Northern Securities Co. v. U.S.?
Broke up a major railroad monopoly
Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act and indicated growing federal intervention in the economy.
What test was established in Schenck v. United States?
The ‘clear and present danger’ test
Upheld limits on free speech during wartime, showing civil liberties could be restricted for national security.
What did Korematsu v. United States uphold?
Internment of Japanese Americans during WWII
Ruling criticized for symbolizing wartime racial injustice.
What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education?
Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
Paved the way for desegregation and was a cornerstone of the Civil Rights Movement.
What right was guaranteed in Gideon v. Wainwright?
Right to legal counsel for all defendants
Strengthened due process rights under the 6th and 14th Amendments.
What did Loving v. Virginia strike down?
Laws banning interracial marriage
Reinforced that marriage is a fundamental right protected by the Constitution.
What was protected in Tinker v. Des Moines?
Student free speech in schools
Affirmed that constitutional rights apply to students in educational settings.
What did Roe v. Wade legalize?
Abortion nationwide
Legalized under the right to privacy and sparked ongoing debates over reproductive rights.
What precedent was set by University of California v. Bakke?
Upheld affirmative action but struck down racial quotas
Set a complex precedent for the use of race in college admissions.
What did Obergefell v. Hodges legalize?
Same-sex marriage nationwide
Landmark victory for LGBTQ+ rights and equal protection under the law.
