Programming Techniques

Question 1

Sequence (program construct)

Answer 1

Statements executed 1 after another

Question 2

Selection (program construct)

Answer 2

Statements executed based on conditions

Question 3

Iteration (program construct)

Answer 3

Count controlled- executed for fixed no times

Condition controlled- until condition met

Question 4

Encapsulation

Answer 4

Local variable means subroutine is self contained
Used independently

Or in OOP
State, method and attributes encapsulated to 1 entity
Attributes set to private, only accessed and changed by public methods

Question 5

Features of IDE

Answer 5

Code editor, error diagnostics (breakpoint, stepthrough, set a watch on a variable), run time environment, translator and auto documentation

CERTA

Question 6

Recursion

Answer 6

Subroutine calls itself
Stopping condition 
\+
Shorter than iteration 
-
If recursion is too long, stack over flow (run out of memory)

Question 7

Object Orientated Programming

Answer 7

Attributes
State
Behaviours (actions)
Class (template for object, defines a + b)

Question 8

Constructor

Answer 8

Creates object in class

Question 9

Instantiation

Answer 9

Instances of class made, shares methods and attributes

Question 10

Inheritance

Answer 10

Class inherits data and behaviour from parent class

Derived class is sub class

Question 11

Polymorphism

Answer 11

Same code for different objects but they are processed depending on their data types and attributes
Parent class can have 1 method and will have different results depending on which sub class it’s used on

Question 12

Procedure vs Function

Answer 12

Both take parameters and perform tasks

Procedure does not necessarily return value but function always does

Question 13

Passing parameters + definition

Answer 13

By value: actual value passed to subroutine

By reference: the address and not value is passed to subroutine

Variable that allows for passing data between functions and procedures

Question 14

Pass by reference vs by value

Answer 14

Changes in memory vs changes copy of value

Question 15

A* vs Dijstras

Answer 15

A* uses heuristics
Help solve problem faster
Estimated distance from final node
Doesn’t need to find all possible solutions only searches for path based on lowest current distance travelled