Programming Fundementals Flashcards
Define real/float
Numbers that have a decimal point
Define Boolean
Can only take one of two values e.g true or false
Define character
A single letter,number or symbol
Define string
Represents text and is a collection of characters
Define casting
Changes the data type
Define arithmetic operators
Takes two values and performs a maths function on them
Define exponentiation
Used to raise a number to a power
Define DIV
Returns the whole number part of a division
Define MOD
Returns the remainder part of the division
Define assignment
Used to allocate values to variables
Define comparison operators
Compares the expression on the left with the one on the right and produces true or false
Define constant
Assigned a data value that cannot be changed as the program runs
Define variable
A location in memory that holds one or more values and has a name to identify it
Define string manipulation
Commands are used which gives you information about a string or allows you to alter the string
Define If statements (selection)
Allows you to check if a statement is true or false and then Carrie’s out different actions depending on the outcome
Define switch statements (selection)
Checks if a variable has a specific value
Define for loop
Repeats the code a fixed number of times
Define while loop
Controlled by a condition at the start of a loop which will keep going until the condition is true
Define do…until loop
Controlled by a condition at the end of the loop which keeps going until it’s true
Define Boolean operators
AND,OR,NOT which are used in selection and iteration statements
Define random numbers
Most programming languages have a function to generate random numbers
Define arrays
can store a collection of data values all under one name
Define 2-D arrays
Each element is a 1-D array
Define file handling
How a program can access and change data that is stored in an external file
Define records
Used to store a collection of data values which can be different data types
Define SQL
Used to search database table for specific data
Define sub-programs
Used to save time and simplify code that will usually carry out a specific task
Define procedures
Sets of instructions stored under one name. When they need to be carried out you can just call the name of the procedure
Define functions
Similar to procedures but these always return a value
Name 2 examples of iteration
While loops and for loops
Name an example of selection
If statement
