Programming Concepts (Definitions) Flashcards
Definitions
The concept of accessibility also applies to provisions for the handicapped beyond signs and symbols.
Can first-time visitors find where to enter the project? Do we need single or multiple entrances?
Accessibility
Evaluate the gains and risks to simulate client decisions of centralized or decentralized service. Needs to implement a specific goal
Service grouping
Is related to a goal about the exercise of authority and is expressed in symbols of authority
Hierarchy
Is related to the idea of territoriality— an easily defined place where a person can maintain his or her individuality
Home base
A family of closely related activities would indicate integration to promote interaction, while the need for some kinds and degrees of privacy or security would indicate compartmentalization
Activity Grouping
A goal for efficient land or space use, a goal for high degrees of interaction, or a goal to respond to harsh climatic conditions may lead to the appropriate degree of this ranging from low, medium, or density
Density
A goal for segregation may relate to people (such as prisoners and public), to automobiles (such as campus traffic and urban traffic), and to people and automobiles (such aspedestrian traffic and automobile traffic).
Separated Flow
A goal to promote the effective exchange of information or ideas in an organization may call for networks or patterns of communication:
Who communicates with whom? How? How often?
Communications
This concept may be apropos if the goal is to promote chance and planned encounters
*Common social spaces, such as town squares or building lobbies, are designed for multi-directional, multi-purpose traffic— or mixed flow. *
Mixed Flow
Covers expansibility, convertibility and versatility as it pertains to interior and exterior space
Flexibility
This concept reflects how to accomplish a goal based on a ranking of values
Evokes questions regarding the order of importance, such as relative position, size, and social value.
Priority
Is based on a goal concerning the image the client wants to project in terms of values and the generic nature of the project.
Character
Is there a goal for sociability? Will the project be completely independent or is there a mutual desire to be interdependent, to cooperate with others?
Neighbors
Look for concepts derived from the physical, social, and emotional characteristics of
people — as individuals, in small groups, and in large groups.
If a client wants to preserve the identity of individuals while in a large mass of people, ask what size grouping would implement this goal.
Look to the functional organization and not to the organizational chart, which merely indicates pecking order. “
People Grouping
Provide a bearing— a point of reference within a building, a campus, or a city. Relating periodically to a space, thing, or structure can prevent a feeling of being lost.
Orientation
This concept of functional affinities is the most common programmatic concept.
The correct interrelation of spaces promotes efficiencies and effectiveness of people and their activities.
Relationships
The degree varies depending upon the value of the potential loss— minimum, medium, or maximum.
These controls are used to protect property and to guide personnel movement
Security Controls
The progression of people (as in a museum) and things (as in a factory) must be carefully planned.
A flow-chart diagram will communicate this concept of sequential flow much easier than words will
Sequential Flow
This concept is intended as a search for economy ideas that will lead to a realistic preview of costs and a balanced budget to meet the extent of available funds.
Cost Control
This concept may well add space to the program. Is a particular space tailored precisely for a static activity, or is it provided with a loose fit for a dynamic activity— one likely to change?
Tolerance
This practice keeps heated areas to a minimum by making use of conditioned, but non-heated, outside space, such as exterior corridors; and keeps heat-flow to a minimum with insulation, correct orientation
to sun and wind, compactness, sun controls, wind controls, and reflective surfaces.
Energy Conservation
What controls for air temperature, light, and sound will be required to provide for people comfort inside and outside the building? Look to the climate and sun angle analysis for answers
Environmental Controls
Which major ideas will implement the goal for life safety? Look to codes and safety precautions for form-giving
ideas.
Safety
Will phasing of construction be required to complete the project on a time-and-cost schedule if the project proved infeasible in the initial analysis?
Will the urgency for the occupancy date determine the need for concurrent scheduling or allow for linear scheduling?
Phasing
