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2014k Prog, Plan, Prac flash > Programming and Analysis mod 1 > Flashcards

Programming and Analysis mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three major geo-technical considerations

A

Water Runoff

Ground Water Table Height

Aquifer Location and height

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2
Q

Name (5) phases that are preformed during programming.

A

Gathering Data
Establishing Goals
Mapping Functions
Setting Priorities
Researching Requirements

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3
Q

If done correctly, programming should do what?

A

Clarify the owner’s intentions.

Set a mutually agreed upon direction for the design.

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4
Q

List some of the best ways to research unfamiliar projects.

A

-Researching case studies
-Visiting existing projects
-Paying for research
-Hiring special cost consultants.

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5
Q

Soil types are classified based on what?

A

The size of particles of the soil.

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6
Q

How does the level of the water table on the site affect the design of the foundation?

A

If the water table is located less than 6” below the surface, this is considered high and will limit the foundation design.

A mat slab or pile foundation may be necessary in order to evenly distribute the loads of the building on site.

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7
Q

What is an Aquifer

A

An Aquifer is a layer of water flowing underground, sometimes referred to as an underground stream.

The presence of an aquifer could supply fresh water to the building, or limit the depth of the foundations

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8
Q

Name 4 soil types and their capacities.

A

-Bedrock 10,000 psf
-Well graded gravel or sand 3000-12,000 psf
-Compacted sand or fil 2000-3000 psf
Silt or Clay 1000-4000psf

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9
Q

What is a ground water table?

A

The layer below the surface soil when it is saturated soil. Sometime this water table is 2 feet below the surface, sometimes it is 200 feet below.

The depth of the water table will determine the type of foundation you can use, if you will need expensive waterproofing, or if a basement would even be possible.

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10
Q

What is Programming

A

Where you identify and organize the architectural, functional, aesthetic, operational, and budgetary needs of the client.

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11
Q

What (4) items should be considered during programming?

A
  • Building function
    -Building form
    -Project budget
    -Project schedule
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12
Q

What is soil load bearing capacity?

A

Bearing capacity refers to the maximum amount of pressure a foundation soil can bear without harmful settlement.

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13
Q

t/f Programming and Arch design are completely independent of one another

A

True : During programming the problems of the project are sought out and documented.

design; these problems are discussed and adequate solutions are developed.

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14
Q

Compaction

A

Compressing to release air trapped between the grain. Creates higher bearing capacity.

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15
Q

Surcharging

A

Adding soils to a site to increase the weight on the soils and aid in compaction.

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16
Q

Can soil-bearing capacity be increased? how

A

Soils can increase bearing capacity by fill, compaction, and surcharging.

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17
Q

Name the four different levels of soil.

A
  • Topsoil
    -Minerals
    -Weathered/Fractured rock
    -Solid Bedrock
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18
Q

Which soil type is considered the best to build on?

A

Bedrock or Gravel.

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19
Q

Why is the location of the frost line important?

A

The frost line indicates the level where the soil freezes.

The top of footings should be at or below the frost line, which avoids damage to the foundation due to moisture changes throughout the year.

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20
Q

What is a proctor test?

A

A proctor test is used to calculate the maximum density that is required for the soil on a project site.

This test evaluates the native soils in both dry and wet conditions to determine the potential negative qualities of the soil.

It is preformed by dropping a hammer on a sample of soil several times and then dried for a period of time.

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21
Q

What is a percolation test and when would it be used?

A

A percolation test evaluates the rate at which soil will absorb water on a site.

This test is necessary for septic draining or leach fields.

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22
Q

45 degrees translates to what percentage of slope?

A

100% slope as rise over run is 1 to 1 or 1/1

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23
Q

What are 6 strategies to reduce energy use?

A

-solar panel
-insulation
-insulated windows
-orientation of the building
-light color roof
-efficient light bulbs

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24
Q

describe how to determine the grade or slope of a site.

A

-g=v/h(100)
g=gradeof slope
v=the rise or vert dist.
h=the horz. run

Multiply by 100 to convert into a percentage.

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25
Q

What are 5 strategies to reduce water use?

A
  • drip irrigation
    -low flow toilets
    native plants
    use graywater
    reuse rainwater
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26
Q

What should you do if you discover large quantities of organic soils on a site?

A

This soil will likely need to be removed and replaced with an appropriate fill material.

Otherwise, foundation piles would need to extend through to solid bedrock or bearing soils

27
Q

Describe the angle of repose.

A

The angle of repose describes how soils form mounds when loose.

Sand and gravel are stiff soils and will have steeper angles of repose as compared to soft silts and slays.

28
Q

Ecology

A

Ecology is the science of the relationship between an organism or community and its environment.

29
Q

Bearing Capacity

A

The safe bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil divided by a safety factor of 2 to 4 times.

This ensures the site will not endure the full ultimate bearing capacity and helps to avoid structural failure

30
Q

What is the maximum slope allowed for an accessible ramp?

A

Handicapped ramp slopes must be a 1:12 slope

1/12(100)=8.3%

31
Q

Name 4 general rules of thumb for site grading and what they are best used for.

A

0-4% = flat
4-10% is moderate
10-50%= steep
50% + very steep

32
Q

What is a water table

A

The level of water below the surface of the ground is referred to as the water table.

33
Q

Why is solar orientation important when laying out a site design?

A

The more perpendicular the sun’s rays are to the site, the greater the amount of solar radiation received

34
Q

What considerations should be given for exterior building materials?

A

Materials used on the exterior of a building must withstand the elements.

Durable materials should be selected to extend the useful life of he materials.

The local conditions should help determine the appropriate materials

35
Q

What factors of the sun radiation should be taken into consideration when designing a site?

A

Time of day
Azimuth
length of sun exposure
slope of site

36
Q

Indigenous materials

A

Locally found materials are called Indigenous materials and do not require transportation or import

37
Q

4 different climate zones

A

cool zones
temperate zones
arid zones
Tropical zones

38
Q

Microclimate

A

A microclimate refers to the specific local conditions of the site,

it is affected by the vegetation elevation slope, water, wind, solar, exposure and any man made structures

39
Q

Macroclimate

A

refers to the climate of a region, like a country or an area like Southern Utah.

40
Q

Microclimate

A

refers to the climate on a particular site.

41
Q

What site elements can be studied to determine the effect of the microclimate on the site?

A

-Location of plants and water
-amount and location of the sun exposure
-prevailing winds
-ground surface coverage

42
Q

What are 4 site conditions that can affect the microclimate of a site?

A

latitude
elevation
winds
water location
mountain location
topography

43
Q

Thermal mass

A

The ability of a material to store temperature is referred to as thermal mass

If insulation is how a material is able to hold in temperature , thermal mass is the ability of a material to absorb and store temperature.

44
Q

Albedo

A

is a measure of the reflectivity of a material.

45
Q

Site must be protected from cold winter winds- what trees would be best suited for this?

A

Conifers are excellent wind breakers as they retain their dense needle filled branches year round.

46
Q

Smart landscaping- how does smart landscaping help act as a natural heat buffer on a site

A

Trees can help screen and direct wind on a site.

trees and vegetation absorb sunlight and add humidity to the air.

Planted areas are cooler during hot summer days.

47
Q

Define a deciduous tree and name three species that fall under this category

A

Full with leaves through the spring and summer, providing shade.

leaves fall in the autumn and expose bare branches through the winter allowing sun to pass into a building.

Maples, elms, oaks, sycamores.

48
Q

Define a conifer and give two examples of this type of tree.

A

Needle-like evergreens that do not shed leaves.

Perfect when used as year round wind breakers or privacy screens.

Pines, spruce, firs.

49
Q

Deciduous trees serve what purpose best?

A

The best choice when a site needs shade in the summer and sun in the winter.

50
Q

What are the three primary reasons for landscape design

A

Recreation, circulation comfort

51
Q

Program information can be gathered how?

A

-In person interviews
-Visiting similar types of facilities
-Observation of your client
research of case studies

52
Q

Describe two best case scenarios regarding rain drainage on site

A

Falls onto the site and run downhill around the building.

A building shape that doesn’t allow runoff to be directed back against the building

53
Q

Name two things that soil type effects

A

Foundation

The flow of water into the ground.

54
Q

three potential consequences of overlooking environmental regulations

A

-disruption from construction
-increased project cost
-schedule delays

55
Q

In regards to the topography of a proposed site why is the quality and absorption of soil of concern

A

Drainage.

56
Q

What are four standardized national codes used to create the building codes adopted by AHJ’s

A

-Uniform Building Codes
-Building officials and code administrators
-International Conference of building officials
-international building code.

57
Q

What is the purpose of building code enforcement?

A

Assurance of health, safety, and welfare of the people

58
Q

What is model building code developed by the international code

A

IBC

59
Q

What building codes topics are typically addressed at the programming phase

A

The enforcement of codes and regulations all contribute to assurance of health, safety and welfare for those who inhabit a built environment.

60
Q

Name five items the building department will review for during the plan check process.

A
  • construction standards of care
    -Hurricane Requirements
    -Safety
    -Sanitation requirements
    -Electrical
    -Energy efficiency requirements
    -egress life safety
61
Q

What is the main intent and purpose of building codes?

A

To protect the health safety and welfare of the occupants

62
Q

What building codes topics are typically addressed at the programming phase

A

The enforcement of codes and regulations all contribute to the assurance of health, safety, and welfare.

63
Q

Describe a prescriptive code.

A

A code that specifies specific techmiques materials and methods allowing for use.

64
Q
A

2014k Prog, Plan, Prac flash (4 decks)

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