Prognosis in Neuro Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Prognostic questions for the PT

A
  • What is the prognosis for my patient to return home versus unable to return home?
  • How long do I envision we will be able to work together? Consider both your perspective of what you would recommend and external factors that will impact length of stay/episode of care
  • What are the odds that this intervention will improve my patient’s gait speed, independent ambulation, ADL function, Q of L?
  • What do I do now? (if patient is finishing therapy)
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2
Q

What is prognosis?

A
  • determination of level of optimal improvement that may be attained through intervention
  • amount of time required to reach the optimal level
  • planning for discharge needs for patient and family
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3
Q

Day of evaluation in acute care

A

most case managers review PT evaluation to determine optimal discharge location

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4
Q

inpatient rehabilitation

A

Must have medical needs, realistic
long term goals of home discharge, ability to tolerate 3 hours of therapy, approved diagnoses percentage of case mix

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5
Q

subacute rehabilitation

A

Often housed as a unit in a skilled
nursing facility, receive nursing care but less frequent MD visits, amount of therapy determined by team in consideration of diagnosis, age, and initial evaluation; less
therapy per day than inpatient rehab, but will still have therapy daily most likely

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6
Q

Skilled nursing

A

May receive some therapy services, palliative
services, or no services; therapy and MD visits would not be a required aspect of the stay; may stay long term

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7
Q

day rehab

A

require patient to need more than one discipline, some have care conferences with rehab MD and team; likely some level
of inter-disciplinary discussion

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8
Q

outpatient

A

patient seen for PT as a single service

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9
Q

home health

A

need to be homebound
- leaving home is infrequent and requires considerable, taking effort

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10
Q

caregiving services

A
  • not covered by insurance
  • home health nursing is but is only in the home for nursing related needs and for short periods of time
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11
Q

3 strategies for determining prognosis

A
  • decision making frameworks
  • models of health and disease
  • evidence
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12
Q

what should you use the ICF to do?

A

identify facilitators and barriers to progress/recovery/improvement

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13
Q

ICF factors

A
  • health condition
  • impairments (physical, cognitive, communication)
  • activity/participation restrictions (functional levels, level of independence)
  • personal factors (motivation, co-morbidities)
  • environmental factors (duties, social, physical, financial)
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14
Q

examples of positive prognostic factors

A

Support system
Motivation
Active and independent prior
younger
few co-morbidities
few cognitive issues
motor recovery

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15
Q

examples of negative prognostic factors

A

impulsivity
neglect
no motor recovery

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16
Q

if patient is in acute or inpatient rehab, when will medicare pay for equipment?

A

no more than 48 hours before discharge
- pt MUST be discharging home rather than another facility

17
Q

Trunk control in stroke –> relationship to ADLs

A

PASS score at 14 days accounted for 45% of the variance in predicting comprehensive ADL function
– slightly better than Fugl Meyer and Barthel Index for predicting ADL function

18
Q

Predicting Activities after stroke

A
  • initial severity of stroke and extent of improvement within first weeks are important indicators of outcome at 6 months
  • most recovery within 10 weeks (plateau 3 to 6 mo post)
  • age and scores on scales assessing severity in early phase are associated with bADL outcome at 3 mo
19
Q

Predictors of ADL improvement

A
  • younger age
  • lower score on NIHSS (<10) at admission
  • Barthel Index measures at 5 days or later
  • urinary continence, good sitting balance, absence of aphasia, absence of DM
20
Q

what is a negative predictor of ADL improvement post stroke

A

posterior limb of internal capsule involvement

21
Q

what is a key determinant of success in ambulation post stroke

A

gait speed

22
Q

Ambulation post stroke

A
  • 70-80% have ability to walk (only 30-40% in community ambulation)
  • Sitting balance 2 weeks after stroke can predict 6 month ambulation ability
  • <50 on Trunk Control Test 14 days after stroke predicts less likelihood of walking at 6 months
23
Q

what predicts community ambulation at 6 mo

A
  • gait speed over .4m/sec and low fear of falling at 3 mo
24
Q

what is the twist tool

A
  • tool that evaluates predictor of independent walking in first 6 mo post stroke
  • Evaluated lower extremity lower limb muscle strength- hip flexion, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, Trunk Control Test, Berg Balance Test, visuospatial neglect (Star Cancellation Test)
  • score of 4: independently ambulating in 4 weeks
  • score of 0: dependent 6 mo post
25
UE predictors
- baseline arm and hand function - Motricity index score of 64/100 or better at 4 weeks predicts ARAT of >35 at 6 mo - ability to shut and abduct shoulder at admission predicts good hand function at discharge - presence of finger extension at 7 days post predicts improved hand function at 6 mo - patient with active shoulder abduction and some active finger extension after mass grasp within 72 hr good improvement at 6 mo
26
impact of pre stroke physical ability
- Active- dedicated leisure time physical activity for at least 30min/day for 3 days a week for more than 6 months prior to stroke - Fewer post stroke complications - Lower hospital mortality - Better functional outcomes at discharge, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post
27
Return to work for young stroke
Return to work increases with time ◦ 41% between 0-6 months ◦ 53% at 1 year ◦ 56% at 1.5 years ◦ 66% between 2-4 years Greater independence in ADLS, fewer neurological deficits, and better cognitive ability are most common predictors of return to work.
28
Two main issues of TBI
pre-injury demographics and clinical features
29
what is associated with better cognitive function post TBI
Younger age, higher education, white race, shorter posttraumatic amnesia, having insurance, fewer co-morbidities, and fewer days from injury to inpatient rehabilitation admission
30
What is associated with better motor function post TBI
Younger age, sex (male), white race, having insurance, fewer co-morbidities, lack of open head injury, shorter time from injury to inpatient rehabilitation, and accessing home support services or home modification
31
What is the recovery time for TBI
- most recover within 3 months - up to 9 months but not past a year
32
household walker
0 to 0.4 m/sec
33
limited community ambulator
0.4 to 0.8 m/sec
34
community ambulator
0.8- 1.2 m/sec
35
cross the street and normal walking speed
greater than 1.2 m/sec
36
walking speeds for independent ADLs
greater than 1 m/sec
37
for stroke survivors, what gait speed at discharge of inpatient rehab is a predictor of community ambulation
0.5 m/sec or greater
38
possible reasons for additional PT
◦ Reassessment to determine progression or decline ◦ Reassessment to determine need for further PT care ◦ Modification to functional mobility strategies ◦ Equipment assessment and modification ◦ Review/modification to physical activity and exercise programs
39
Reasons for lifelong physical activity
◦ Promote functional independence through continued practice ◦ Promote recovery of function and neurologic status ◦ Develop and maintain social support ◦ Improve one’s quality of life ◦ Optimize physical and mental health