Prognosis

Question 1

____ is the probability that an individual will get a specific disease in a given period of time.

Answer 1

Risk (varies from person to person)

Question 2

What are probable or putative risk factors that have been identified in cross-sectional studies but not longitudinal studies?

Answer 2

risk indicators (i.e. HIV/AIDS, osteoporosis, infrequent dental visits)

Question 3

What are environmental or biologic factors that increase the chance that an individual will get the disease?

Answer 3

Risk factors (i.e. tobacco smoking, diabetes, pathogenic bacteria)

Question 4

What are risk factors that are NOT typically modifiable?

Answer 4

Risk Determinants/Background characteristics

i.e. genetics, age, gender, socioeconomic status, stress

Question 5

What are associated with risk for disease but don’t cause disease?

Answer 5

Risk Markers/Predictors

i.e. previous periodontal disease, BOP

Question 6

What are three important things to consider when determining a prognosis?

Answer 6

1. The time of projection (how far out – long term or short term) 2. Individual teeth or overall dentition 3. What is the end point of observation (tooth loss or periodontal stability)

Question 7

how long can long term prognoses be?

Answer 7

5 years – after that accuracy diminishes

Question 8

How do prognoses compare between single and multi-rooted teeth?

Answer 8

Single rooted teeth tend to have more accurate prognosis

Question 9

The prognostication system proposed by Kwok and Caton in 2007 is based on what?

Answer 9

Probability of disease progression (likely, maybe, unlikely, hopeless)

Question 10

If periodontal status of the tooth can be stabilized with comprehensive perio tx and maintenance; what prognosis does this give?

Answer 10

favorable prognosis

Question 11

If periodontal status is influenced by local and systemic factors which may or may not be controlled; what prognosis is this?

Answer 11

questionable

Question 12

When extraction is indicated; a __________ prognosis is given.

Answer 12

hopeless

Question 13

If periodontal status is influenced by local and/or systemic factors which cannot be controlled; this prognosis is?

Answer 13

unfavorable (periodontal breakdown likely to occur regardless of efforts)

Question 14

What is the #1 modifiable risk factor?

Answer 14

smoking (prognosis is improved 60% if stopped)

Question 15

In middle-aged, white males; polymorphism of the IL-1 gene indicates what?

Answer 15

higher probability to develop periodontal disease

Question 16

Who are more likely to get diagnosed with periodontal disease - men or women?

Answer 16

Men – also have greater severity

Question 17

What are 6 local risk factors that play into periodontal Dx and Px?

Answer 17

gingival inflammation, suppuration, plaque/calculus, persistent deep pockets, remaining attachment, mobility

Question 18

Smoking interferes with what sign of gingivitis/periodontitis?

Answer 18

inflammation/BOP

Question 19

How much naturally occurring attachment loss is seen each year?

Answer 19

0.1mm

Question 20

Name three causes for tooth mobility

Answer 20

loss of alveolar bone, inflammation of the PDL, occlusal trauma

Question 21

What are some anatomical factors that make periodontal therapy more difficult?

Answer 21

Enamel pearls, bifurcation ridges, root concavities, developmental grooves, root proximity, furcation grooves

Question 22

What are the prognostic factors on the tooth level?

Answer 22

mobility, amount of remaining attachment, probing depth, bone loss, presence/absence/severity of furcation lesions, crown-root ratio, endodontic status, caries