Localized antibiotics Flashcards
What are some desirable characteristics of local chemotherapeutics?
substantivity, low toxicity, high potency, good permeability, and intrinsic efficacy
What are some examples of topical antimicrobials?
Chlorhexidine, essential oils, Povidine Iodine, Quaternary ammonium chloride, sanguinarine, sodium hypochlorite, stannous fluoride, and triclosan
Describe chlorhexidine
considered Gold Standard, ruptures cell membranes, adheres and releases for 6+ hrs, can stain teeth, causes calculus formation
Rinsing with chlorhexidine for 2 minutes before invasive oral procedure reduces risk for what?
bacteremia
What’s an example of essential oils used to treat plaque?
Listerine
Describe Povidine Iodine
Effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi; avoid in patients allergic to shellfish or iodine, thyroid dysfunction, or pregnant/lactating women
How does quaternary ammonium compounds work?
ruptures cell walls; reduces gingivitis by 24% (found in scope and cepacol)
What is Sanguinarine?
An herbal alkaloid extract from cacti, and used in mouthwash and dentrifices
What is sodium hypochlorite?
used for dentures, it’s a bleach that is effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi; corrosive to metals
What is stannous fluoride?
Inhibits cariogenic plaque and remineralizes enamel; poor shelf life
Describe triclosan
broad spectrum antimicrobial found in several oral products; banned in Europe
How deep can mouth rinses or supragingival irrigations reach into the pocket?
5mm