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107 > Profile of Newborn > Flashcards

Profile of Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

factors affect newborn adjustment

A

1.genetic composition
2.competency of the recent intra uterine environment
3.gestational duration
4.presence of fetal anomalies
5. the care received during labor and birth
6.The care received during the newborn or neonatal period

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2
Q

time bound procedures

A

1.establish and maintain a patent airway
2.maintain body temperature
3.Identify the infant after delivery
4.Establish parent-infant bonding process

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3
Q

non time bound procedures

A

immunizations
eye care
vitamin k administration
weighing
washing must be postponed by at least 6 hours (hinder crawling reflex)

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4
Q

When does apgar scoring done?

A

one and five minutes after birth

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5
Q

in apgar scoring the healthcare provider examines the ff:

A

respiratory effort
heart rate
muscle tone
reflex irritability
skin color

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6
Q

2 types of jaundice

A

physiologic jaundice
pathological jaundice

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7
Q

a serious type of jaundice in newborns that occurs within 24 hours of birth and is characterized by a rapid increase in bilirubin levels

A

pathological jaundice

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8
Q

develops in most newborns by their second or third day of life.

A

physiological jaundice

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9
Q

elongation of the shape of a baby’s head.
Normal shape usually returns by the end of the first week

A

moulding

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10
Q

soft, downy hair on a baby’s body, especially on the shoulders, back, forehead, and cheeks. It is more noticeable in premature babies, but is not usually seen in babies born very late in pregnancy.

A

Lanugo

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11
Q

tiny, white, hard spots that look like pimples on a newborn’s nose. They may also appear on the chin and forehead.It form from oil glands and disappear on their own.

A

milia

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12
Q

When millia occur in a baby’s mouth and gums, it is called

A

Epstein pearl

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13
Q

About one-fifth of newborns develop pimples in the first month. These usually appear on the cheeks and forehead.

A

Acne neonatorum ( baby acne)

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14
Q

red rash on newborns that is often described as “flea bites.” The rash is common on the chest and back, but may be found all over.
About half of all babies develop this condition in the first few days of life.

A

erythema toxicum

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15
Q

Breast enlargement may occur in newborn boys and girls around the third day of life. In the first week, a milky substance, sometimes called “witch’s milk,” may leak from the nipples. This is related to the mother’s hormones and goes away within a few days to weeks.

A

newborn breast swelling

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16
Q

smooth,flat scrotum with undescended testicles

A

Premature boys

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17
Q

birthmarks also called

A

hemangiomas

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18
Q

types of birthmarks

A
  1. nevus flammeus
  2. infantile hemangiomas (strawberry hemangiomas)
    3.Cavernous hemangiomas
  3. Mongolian spots
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19
Q

port-wine stain is a capillary malformation presenting as a pink or red patch on a newborn’s skin. It is a congenital skin condition that can affect any part of the body and persists throughout life.

A

nevus flammeus

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20
Q

two types of nevus flammeus

A

benign mascular purple or dark red lesion(port-wine stain)

light pink patches ( stork bites)

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21
Q

located at face and thigh
may sponstaneouskt fade
cosmetically cover
laser later in life

A

benign macular purple or dark red lesion (port wine stain)

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22
Q

located at face and thigh
may sponstaneouskt fade
cosmetically cover
laser later in life

A

benign macular purple or dark red lesion (port wine stain)

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23
Q

nape of neck
do not fade, no treatment because usually covered by hair

A

stork bites

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24
Q

• Elevated areas formed by immature capillaries and endothelial cells
• Appear at birth or within 2 weeks after birth
• Size may enlarge up to 1 year of age.
• After 1 year of age, hemangiomas tend to be absorbed and shrink in size.
• By the time the child is 7 years old, 70% have involute to a reasonable level; most involution completed by 10 years
Location:
Can occur anywhere on the infant
Most common on scalp, face, and neck Treatment:
Educate parents about expected increase in size for up to one year and that they are likely to resolve with time.
Propranolol (Inderal) and corticosteroids can be used to reduce size
Laser therapy for thin superficial lesions
• Surgical excision is rarely done due to risk for complications.

A

Infantile hemangiomas (strawberry hemangiomas)

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25
Q

Caused by dilated vascular spaces
Raised and irregular shape; resemble a strawberry hemangioma Do not disappear with time
Some may have additional lesions on internal organs such as the spleen or liver.
Location:
Most commonly appear on the face, behind the ears, and the neck Treatment:
Surgical removal if they interfere with sight or breathing
Steroids, interferon alfa-2a, vincristine, or radiation may reduce size of lesions; risk vs. benefit must be considered
Embolization is rarely done and is reserved for life threatening hemangiomas.
• Hematocrit levels to assess for blood loss if child has internal caverous lesions

A

cavernous hemangioma

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26
Q

Are collections of pigment cells (melanocytes)
Appear as slate gray patches across the sacrum or buttocks and possibly on the arms and legs of newborns.
Tend to occur most often in children of Asian, Southern European, or African ethnicity and disappear by school age without treatment.

A

mongolian spots

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27
Q

edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the head. It may involve wide areas of the head, or it may resemble a large egg. The edema, which crosses the suture lines, is gradually absorbed and disappears at about the third day of life.

A

Caput succedaneum

28
Q

a collection of blood between the periosteum of a skull bone and the bone itself, is caused by rupture of a periosteal capillary because of the pressure of birth. Swelling usually appears 24 hours after birth. Although the blood loss is negligible, the swelling is usually severe and is well outlined as an egg shape

•is confined to an individual bone, so the associated swelling stops at the bone’s suture line.

A

Cephalohematoma

29
Q

cephalohematoma disappear at?

A

6 weeks

30
Q

localized softening of the cranial bones.
It is more common in firstborn infants than in infants born later, because of the lower position of the fetal head in the pelvis during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy in primiparous women.

The bone returns to its normal contour after the pressure is removed. The condition corrects itself without treatment after a few months, as the infant takes in calcium in milk.

A

Craniotabes

31
Q

when your baby is born with excess tissue that blocks one or both sides of their nasal airway, making it harder for them to breathe.

A

choanal atresia

32
Q

lack of meconium passage within 24 hours may indicate

A

anatomical or physiological issue

33
Q

mucus vahinal secretion or blood tinged

A

pseudomenstruation

34
Q

urethral opening on ventral surface

A

hypospadias

35
Q

urethral opening in dorsal surface

A

epispadias

36
Q

Pseudomenstruation does not indicate infection or trauma and typically resolves within

A

1-2 days

37
Q

condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot stretch to allow it to be pulled back past the glans. A balloon-like swelling under the foreskin may occur with urination.

small opening of urethra meatus

A

Phimosis

38
Q

in a female newborn is most often due to exposure to excess of androgens during fetal life or a disorder of sex development

A

enlarged clitoris (clitoromegaly)

39
Q

newborn’s cheek is brushed or stroked near the comer of the mouth, the infant will turn its head in that direction.

• The reflex disappears at about the sixth week of life, not coincidentally at the same time a newborn’s eyes focus steadily so a food source can be seen.

• Newborn may rely on the this reflex for the first few months of life, but by about 3 weeks, most newbom will turn their heads naturally and be able to move their head into position to start sucking.

• By 4 months, it is usually a voluntary action rather than a reflex

A

Rooting reflex

40
Q

• When a newborn’s lips are touched, the baby makes a ___

• this reflex also helps a newborn find food. It begins to diminish at about 6 months of age.

• It disappears immediately if it is never stimulated such as in a newborn with a tracheoesophageal fistula who cannot take in oral fluids.

• It can be maintained in such an infant by offering the child such as a pacifier.

A

Sucking reflex

41
Q

in a newborn is the same as in the adult.

• Food that reaches the posterior portion of the tongue is automatically swallowed.

• Gag, cough, and sneeze reflexes also are present in newborns to maintain a clear airway.

A

swallowing reflex

42
Q

in a newborn is the same as in the adult.

• Food that reaches the posterior portion of the tongue is automatically swallowed.

• Gag, cough, and sneeze reflexes also are present in newborns to maintain a clear airway.

A

swallowing reflex

43
Q

• In order to prevent the swallowing of inedible substances, a newborn extrudes any substance that is placed on the anterior portion of the tongue.

• If newborns are offered solid food before this reflex fades at 4 months, it will look as if they are rejecting the food.

• Be certain parents are aware of this reflex so they don’t offer solid food this early on.

A

Extrusion

44
Q

can be elicited with a loud noise or by jarring the bassinet.

• The most accurate method of eliciting the reflex is to hold a newborn in a supine position and then allow the head to drop backward about 1 in.

• In response to this sudden backward head movement, the newborn first extends arms and legs, then swings the arms into an embrace position and pulls up the legs against the abdomen

• The reflex simulates the action of someone trying to ward off an attacker and then covering up to protect the body.

• It is strong for the first & weeks of life and then fades by the end of the fourth or fifth month.

A

Moro reflex

45
Q

When the arm and the leg extend on the side toward which the head is turned, and the opposite arm and leg contract.

• This posture is most evident in the arms but should not be totally absent in the legs.

• If you turn a newborn’s head to the opposite side, he or she may change the extension and contraction of legs and arms accordingly.

• Unlike other reflexes, the purpose or function of this reflex is not known.

• The reflex typically disappears between the second and third months of life.

A

Tonic neck reflex ( boxer or fencing reflex)

46
Q

Infants swiftly close their fingers around an object when it is placed in their palm to hold it.
• Mature newborns develop such firm grasps they can be lifted from a supine position and briefty suspended from the examiner’s fingers.
• This reflex vanishes between the ages of 6 weeks to 3 mothsil; once it does, an infant can grip objects in meaningful ways.

A

palmar grasp reflex

47
Q

Infants swiftly close their fingers around an object when it is placed in their palm to hold it.
• Mature newborns develop such firm grasps they can be lifted from a supine position and briefty suspended from the examiner’s fingers.
• This reflex vanishes between the ages of 6 weeks to 3 mothsil; once it does, an infant can grip objects in meaningful ways.

A

palmar grasp reflex

48
Q

When held vertically with their feet on a firm surface, newborns will take a few fast, alternating steps.
• By the age of three months, this response is gone.

A

step (walk) in-place reflex

49
Q

• The anterior lower leg is touched against a surface, such as the edge of a table, to trigger the putting reflex.
• The infant quickly lifts its legs in the air as if to step onto the table.

A

placing reflex

50
Q

• The anterior lower leg is touched against a surface, such as the edge of a table, to trigger the putting reflex.
• The infant quickly lifts its legs in the air as if to step onto the table.

A

placing reflex

51
Q

• A newborn’s toes grasp objects in the same way that the fingers do when they come in contact with the bottom of the foot.
• At around 8 to 9 months of age, this reflex disappeared in order to prepare the baby for walking.

A

plantar grasp reflex

52
Q

newborn spreads its toes (a positive ____ ) when the heel of their foot is stroked in an inverted “J” curve.
• Up to the age of three months, the reflex is still positive (toes fan), but at that point, the downturning reaction takes its place.

A

babinski reflex

53
Q

When a newborn is placed in the supine position and pressure is applied to the soles of their feet, the infant pushes back

• Tests of spinal cord integrity include this and the two reflexes that follow.

A

magnet reflex

54
Q

When a newborn is in a lying supine position and one leg is extended and the sole of that foot is irritated by being stroked with a sharp instrument, such as a thumbnail, the infant elevates the second leg and extends it as if to push the hand away from the first leg.

A

crossed extension reflex

55
Q

When a newborn is in a lying supine position and one leg is extended and the sole of that foot is irritated by being stroked with a sharp instrument, such as a thumbnail, the infant elevates the second leg and extends it as if to push the hand away from the first leg.

A

crossed extension reflex

56
Q

baby will flex their trunk and swing their pelvis toward the touch when they are in the prone position and are touched along the paravertebral area of their back by a probing finger.

A

trunk incurvation reflex

57
Q

A newborn should exhibit some muscle tone when being held in a prone position by a hand.

• The infant shouldn’t sag into an inverted “U” position, even though a newborn may not be able to lift the head or arch the back in this position.

• The latter response shows very low muscle tone, which requires further investigation.

A

Landau reflex

58
Q

Nb patellar and biceps reflxes remain functional

A

deep tendon reflex

59
Q

• Newborn will attempt to crawl forward with both arms and legs when placed on abdomen or flat surface.

Abnormal response
• Asymmetrical response is seen with CNS or peripheral nerve injury or fracture of long bone of leg

A

Prone Crawl

60
Q

• Newborn will attempt to crawl forward with both arms and legs when placed on abdomen or flat surface.

Abnormal response
• Asymmetrical response is seen with CNS or peripheral nerve injury or fracture of long bone of leg

A

Prone Crawl

61
Q

protects the eye from any item that is closed by rapidly closing the eyelids in a newborn, much like it does in an adult.

• It might be induced by projecting a bright light into the eye, like a flashlight.

• it can occasionally be induced by a quick movement toward the eye, but this is less consistently effective.

A

blink refex

62
Q

protects the eye from any item that is closed by rapidly closing the eyelids in a newborn, much like it does in an adult.

• It might be induced by projecting a bright light into the eye, like a flashlight.

• it can occasionally be induced by a quick movement toward the eye, but this is less consistently effective.

A

blink refex

63
Q

the newborn infant’s response to having his or her movements suddenly restrained.
• The infant responds by strongly resisting the restraint, developing redness in the face, or crying. Like the other neonatal reflexes, it is a sign of normal neurological development.
• This reflex tends to diminish in intensity before six months of age.

A

rage reflex

64
Q

standard method, which can be used to estimate degrees of respiratory distress in newborn.

A

silverman-andersen index

65
Q

standard method, which can be used to estimate degrees of respiratory distress in newborn.

A

silverman-andersen index

66
Q

silverman-andersen index

A

chest movement
intercoastal retraction
xiphoid retraction
nares dilatation
expiratory grunt

67
Q

silverman-andersen index

A

chest movement
intercoastal retraction
xiphoid retraction
nares dilatation
expiratory grunt

107 (4 decks)

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