Professional Practice

Question 1

Between-subject designs

Answer 1

performances of separate groups of subjects are measured, comparisons are made between the two

Question 2

Within-Subject designs

Answer 2

performance of same group is compared in different conditions or situations

Question 3

A-B-A Design of Between-Subject study

Answer 3

1. Establish a baseline condition (A)
2. Introduce a treatment of intervention to effect some sort of change (B)
3. Remove the treatment to see if it returns to baseline (A)

Question 4

A-B-A-B Design of Within-Subject study

Answer 4

1. establish a baseline condition (A)
2. introduce a treatment of intervention to effect some sort of change (B)
3. Remove the treatment (second A)
4. Re-introduce treatment (second B)

Question 5

“Sequencing effect” (W-S design)

Answer 5

may occur when subjects participate in several conditions, subjects participation in an earlier condition may affect their performance in subsequent conditions

Question 6

Stratified random sampling

Answer 6

population is first divided into strata (attribute categories or subgroups) before randomly chosen to participate

Question 7

Consecutive sampling

Answer 7

All volunteering individuals who meet a set of criteria are chosen to participate

Question 8

Purposive sampling

Answer 8

Group of specific individuals are chosen to participate

Question 9

Standardized testing

Answer 9

Age, sex, education, setting, race, ethnicity, culture, motivation, impairment, disability, behavior, expectations

Question 10

Norm-referenced

Answer 10

compare individual performance to a group standard of performance

Question 11

Criterion-referenced

Answer 11

determine whether an individual has mastered a particular skill or set of skills (not compared to any sample)

Question 12

EBP Triangle (Informed Clinical decisions)

Answer 12

1. internal clinical evidence
2. external research evidence
3. patient preferences

Question 13

Credibility of Evidence Pyramid

Answer 13

Level I (Strongest) = systematic reviews, meta-analyses (multiple randomized controlled clinical studies) 
Level II (Strongest) = randomized controlled clinical studies 
Level III (Moderate) = Non-randomized, quasi-experimental studies
Level IV (Limited) = Controlled non-interventional descriptive studies (correlational and case control studies) 
Level V (Weak) = uncontrolled non-interventional studies (e.g. case reports) 
Level VI (Weakest) = expert opinion of respected authorities

Question 14

ICF Model

Answer 14

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Model developed by World Health Organization, helps to target person-centered functional goals to maximize outcomes and experiences

1. Health condition or disease
2. Activities and Participation (A&P)
3. Environmental Factors (EF)
4. Body Functions and Structures (BFS)