Professional Issues Flashcards
Malpractice Claims:
Conditions for a client to succeed in a malpractice claim against a psychologist (Gable, 1983):
(a) Professional relationship established duty to conform to standard of care.
(b) Dereliction or breach of duty by psychologist.
(c) Client suffered injury as a result.
(d) Psychologist’s breach was direct/proximate cause of harm.
Monetary compensation: Injury must be measurable in economic terms.
Responding to a Subpoena:
Guidelines by APA’s Committee on Legal Issues (2006):
Validate subpoena’s legality.
Contact client before response.
Release information if authorized by client.
Negotiate with requester or seek court guidance.
Assert psychotherapist-patient privilege if no authorization.
Forensic Psychology: Legal Terms:
Terms for exam:
Insanity: Legal term; varies; “not guilty by reason of insanity” based on mental disease/defect.
Competency to Stand Trial: Assessment of defendant’s current mental status; includes understanding charges and proceedings.
Fact vs. Expert Witness: Fact witness observes, expert offers opinion; expert witness requires specialized knowledge.
Psychological Autopsy:
Method to clarify equivocal deaths; two types:
Equivocal Death Psychological Autopsy (EDPA): Determines manner of death.
Suicide Psychological Autopsy (SPA): Identifies psychosocial factors in suicide.
Avoiding Bias in Language:
Guidelines include:
Gender, Sexual Orientation, Age, Disability, Race/Ethnicity.
Use of inclusive and respectful language.
Responding to Negative Online Reviews:
Addressed by Chamberlin (2014); suggests establishing positive online presence rather than direct response.
Telepsychology – Interjurisdictional Practice:
Provision of psychological services via telecommunication technologies; legal requirements based on client’s location; PSYPACT allows interjurisdictional practice.
Accreditation:
APA Commission on Accreditation (APA-CoA) accredits doctoral programs, internships, and postdoctoral residencies in psychology; ensures standards for education and training.
Journal Article Reporting Standards:
JARS provide guidelines for reporting various types of research in journal articles; ensure transparency and quality in reporting.
ASPPB Supervision Guidelines (2015):
Professional/Ethical Guidelines:
Competency-based supervision.
Goals include protecting clients, supervisees, gatekeeping, professional development.
Addresses ethical issues like competence, confidentiality, multiple relationships.
Distinguishes between primary and delegated supervisors.
Records maintenance and telepsychology supervision guidelines.
APA Guidelines for Clinical Supervision (2014):
Professional/Ethical Guidelines:
Competency-based supervision.
Emphasizes supervisor competence, diversity, professionalism, ethical considerations.
Priority to client welfare; gatekeeping function.
CPA Ethical Guidelines for Supervision (2009):
Professional/Ethical Guidelines:
Framework for effective and respectful supervisor-supervisee alliance.
Principles: respect for dignity, responsible caring, integrity, responsibility to society.
Psychotherapy-Based Supervision Models:
Models of Supervision:
Person-centered: Focus on relationship; empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard.
Cognitive-behavioral: Structured sessions mirroring therapy structure; collaborative approach.
Developmental Supervision Models:
Models of Supervision:
Integrated Developmental Model (IDM): Three levels of supervisee development.
Level 1: Focus on self, high motivation/anxiety, dependent.
Level 2: Focus on clients, fluctuating motivation/confidence, vacillating autonomy.
Level 3: Focus on clients, consistent motivation/confidence, independent.
Process-Based Models:
Models of Supervision:
Bernard’s Discrimination Model: Focus areas and supervisor roles.
Focus areas: intervention, conceptualization, personalization.
Supervisor roles: educator, counselor, consultant.
Nine approaches based on combinations of focus areas and roles.
