PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Question 1

Are ethical problems associated with medical practices and bioscience

Answer 1

Medical Technology Ethics

Question 2

brought about by the advances in biotechnology and its power over life and death

Answer 2

Ethical Problems

Question 3

• presents truths about human acts
  from which the general principle of
  morality is deduced

Answer 3

General Ethics

Question 4

involves the application of the
principles of general ethics in
different departments of human
activity both at the individual and
social levels

Answer 4

Special Ethics

Question 5

concerned with God, self, and fellow
human beings

Answer 5

Individual Ethics

Question 6

concerned with family, the state and
the world

Give examples

Answer 6

Social Ethics

● Professional Ethics
● Medical Ethics

Question 7

A branch of moral science that deals
with how and what a professional
should or should not do in the
workplace

It addresses the question: “What
should I do in this situation?”

Answer 7

Professional Ethics

Question 8

Intended to bind professions more
tightly together around a shared
standard of values
● Knowledge of professional ethics can
guide staff in analyzing assumptions
and arriving at ethical decisions

Answer 8

Professional Ethics

Question 9

WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS?

Answer 9

● Perform duties and responsibilities
objectively in accordance with
relevant standards and guidelines
● Serve in a lawful and honest manner
while maintaining high standards of
conduct and character and not engage
in acts discreditable to the profession
● Maintain the privacy and
confidentiality of information
obtained in the course of duty unless
disclosure is required by a legal
authority. Such information should
not be used for personal benefit or
released to inappropriate parties.
● Maintain competency in respective
fields and agree to undertake only
those activities which one can
reasonably expect to complete with
professional competence.
● Perform tasks with full confidence,
absolute reliability and accuracy.
● Be dedicated to the use of clinical
laboratory science to promote life and
for the benefit of mankind.

Question 10

A field of applied ethics that studies
moral values and judgements as they
apply to medical technology
● Are a set of norms, values, principles
that serve as guidelines for medical
technology practitioners in making
decisions in clinical settings

Answer 10

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ETHICS

Question 11

Patient have the right to
choose what service they
want

Answer 11

Autonomy

Question 12

Practitioner should act in the best
interest of patient for the betterment of the patient

Answer 12

Beneficence

Question 13

we should not inflict
unnecessary harm to the
patients

Answer 13

Non-maleficence

Question 14

concerned with the fair and
equal distribution of health
resources, scarce resources,
supplies, tests etc. without
bias

Answer 14

Justice

Question 15

Care and high regard for the
px. All the necessary needs
for care and information. We
should provide care for others
despite their social standing

Answer 15

Respect for dignity

Question 16

dedication of a person to their job.
What is right should be the one
projected

Answer 16

Truthfulness and Honesty

Question 17

the expression of one’s
responsibility to nurture and
cultivate what has been
entrusted to you

Answer 17

Stewardship

Question 18

• being on present and on time is
  important because a medical
  practitioner’s job is about life and
  death

Answer 18

Punctuality

Question 19

doing the right thing even if no one
is looking

Answer 19

Integrity

Question 20

prioritizing and valuing your work

Answer 20

Commitment

Question 21

loyalty to our customers,
colleagues, employers

Answer 21

Loyalty

Question 22

WHAT ARE THE VALUES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY?

Answer 22

PUNCTUALITY
INTEGRITY
COMMITMENT
HONESTY
LOYALTY

Question 23

It is a combination of containment
principles, technologies and practices
that, together, help prevent
unintentional exposure to, or release
of, infectious material or toxins that
can cause harm to humans or animals

Answer 23

Laboratory Biosafety

Question 24

●Engineering controls (BSC,
anterooms)
● GLP (Handwashing, spill clean-up)
● PPE’s

Answer 24

Biosafety

Question 25

Protection, control and
accountability for valuable biological
materials within laboratories, in
order to prevent their unauthorized
access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion
or unintentional release.

Answer 25

Laboratory Biosecurity

Question 26

Threats of biowarfare lead to
increased research
● Research facilities built to contain

Answer 26

Biowarfare

Question 27

protects people from
biohazards

Answer 27

Biosafety

Question 28

biohazards from
people

Answer 28

Biosecurity

Question 29

prevents
misappropriation and misuse of
potentially harmful biological agents

Answer 29

Biosecurity

Question 30

Risk associated with biological
materials

Answer 30

Biorisk

Question 31

Biosafety+Biosecurity Risk=

Answer 31

=Biorisk

Question 32

WHAT ARE THE KEY COMPONENTS OF BIORISK MANAGEMENT?

Answer 32

ASSESSMENT
MITIGATION
PERFORMANCE

Question 33

Process of identifying the hazards
and evaluating the risks associated
with biological agents and toxins,
taking into account the adequacy
of any existing controls, and
deciding whatever or not the risks
are acceptable

Answer 33

Biorisk Assessment

Question 34

Actions and control measures that
are put into place to reduce or
eliminate the risks associated with
biological agents or toxins

Answer 34

Biorisk Mitigation

Question 35

Improving biorisk management
by recording, measuring, and
● evaluating organizational actions
and outcomes to reduce biorisk

Answer 35

Biorisk Performance

Question 36

• is an analytical procedure designed
  to characterize and evaluate safety
  and security risks in a laboratory

Answer 36

Laboratory biorisk Management

Question 37

Should consider every activity and
procedure conducted in a laboratory
that involves infectious disease
agents.

Answer 37

Laboratory Biosecurity risk Management

Question 38

• Should consider every asset,
  adversary and vulnerability in an
  institution and its component
  laboratories and units.

Answer 38

Laboratory Biosecurity Risk Assessment

Question 39

allows a laboratory to determine the relative level of risk its different
activities pose and helps guide risk
decisions so these are targeted to the most important risk.

Answer 39

Biorisk Assessment

Question 40

A procedure that analyzes a
particular process or situation in
order to determine the likelihood and
consequences of a certain adverse
event.

Answer 40

Biorisk Assessment

Question 41

What are the factors that affect the likelihood or consequences

Answer 41

● Agents properties
● Procedures

Question 42

To conduct a lab biosafety it is impt
to gather first information about the
lab procedures involving biological
agents and toxins, as well as info on
the agents and toxins themselves.

Answer 42

Biosafety Risk Assessment

Question 43

a risk assessment should be
conducted in a manner which is
standardized and systematic allowing
it to be repeatable and comparable.
● A risk assessment will determine the
degree of the correlation between an
agent’s risk group classification and
biosafety level

Answer 43

Biosafety Risk Assessment

Question 44

A microorganism that is
unlikely to cause human or
animal disease

Answer 44

Risk Group 1 (no or very low
individual and community)

Question 45

A pathogen that can cause human or
animal disease but is unlikely to be a
serious hazard or animal disease but
is unlikely to be a serious hazard to
laboratory workers, the community,
livestock or the environment.
Laboratory exposures may cause
serious infection, Effective treatment
and preventive measures are
available and the risk of spread of
infection is limited

Answer 45

Risk Group 2 (moderate individual
risk, low community)

Question 46

A pathogen that usually causes
serious human or animal disease but
does not ordinarily spread from one
infected individual to another.
Effective treatment and preventive
measures are available

Answer 46

Risk Group 3 (high individual risk,
low community risk)

Question 47

A pathogen that usually
causes serious human or
animal disease and that can
be readily transmitted from
one individual to another,
directly, or indirectly.
- Effective treatment and
preventive measures are not
usually available

Answer 47

Risk Group 4 (High individual and
community risk)

Question 48

good microbiological technique

Answer 48

GMT

Question 49

biosafety cabinet

Answer 49

BSC

Question 50

Characterize biosecurity risk by an
in-depth analysis of laboratory
assets, potential adversaries and
laboratory vulnerabilities

Answer 50

Biosecurity risk assessment

Question 51

Determining the ease or difficulty or
malicious use (Likelihood)

Answer 51

Asset Characterization

Question 52

Asset Characterization should involve the following

Answer 52

● The difficulty of acquiring the
agent
● The difficulty of expressing the
agent into a suitable quantity in a
suitable form
● The difficulty of disseminating
the agent to cause harm
● Determining the potential
consequences of the malicious use
(consequences)
● Should involve the following:
● The physical impact of an attack
on a population
● The impact of an attack on the
economy
● The impact of changes in public
perception
● The impact on facility operations

Question 53

Process of determining specific
attributes of potential adversaries
that enable them to pose a threat to a
biological agent or toxin
● “Aka Threat Assessment”
● Determining the risk by assessing
potential adversaries with regards to
● Motive
● Means
● Opportunity
● Work through possible scenarios

Answer 53

Adversary Characterization

Question 54

Risk evaluation and acceptance can
vary with culture, experience,
resources, management, and even
current events.

Answer 54

Acceptable Risk

Question 55

Process of determining specific
attributes of potential adversaries
that enable them to pose a threat to a biological agent or toxin

Answer 55

Adversary Characterization

Question 56

“Aka Threat Assessment”

Answer 56

Adversary Characterization

Question 57

If an institution finds a particular risk
unacceptable, it will either cease the
work resulting in that unacceptable
risk, or will find ways to mitigate the
risk to a more acceptable level.

Answer 57

Risk Evaluation

Question 58

it is an analytical procedure designed to characterize security risks.

Answer 58

biosecurity risk assessment

Question 59

allows an institution and its
component units to determine the
relative level of security risk they
face, and helps guide risk
mitigation decisions so these are
targeted to the most important
risks.

Answer 59

biosecurity risk assessment