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EPI PR3144 > Prof VY Initiating, Managing & Communicating Research > Flashcards

Prof VY Initiating, Managing & Communicating Research Flashcards

1
Q

General techniques to formulate research questions (4)

A
  • experience
  • observations
  • needs of the community
  • brainstorming
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2
Q

Tips on brainstorming (3)

A
  • include every possible points from discussion
  • no judging or criticism
  • then eliminate points that are irrelevant
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3
Q

Possible sources of literatures / information (4)

A
  • publications
  • textbooks
  • newspapers
  • advertisements
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4
Q

Purpose of publications (7)

A
  1. Expand body of knowledge
  2. Disseminate new information
  3. Provoke discussion
  4. Prevent replication of effort
  5. Enable independent checks on results
  6. Gain wider recognition for our work
  7. Get money for research
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5
Q

Purpose of surveying literatures (1+4)

A

Critical appraisal of the existing studies

  1. Identify relevant work & related work done
    - prevent replication of work
  2. Identify gaps & discrepancies in the study
    - address them in new studies
  3. Locate useful approaches/methodologies
    - reuse previously validated approaches/methods
  4. Keep abreast of developments & current state-of-the-art
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6
Q

Examples of e-databases (4)

A
  1. PubMed
  2. medsciediting.com (impact factors of journals)
  3. toxnet.nlm.nih.gov (toxicity database)
  4. chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com (structures of drugs & chemicals)
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7
Q

How to do literature search (4)

A
  1. Enter key words & phrases in databases
  2. Retrieve relevant articles through title, abstracts etc
  3. Analyse quality of the work
  4. Draft brief summary of the most relevant articles
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8
Q

Sequence of reading a scientific paper (6)

A
  1. Title
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Results
  5. Discussion
  6. Methods & materials
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9
Q

Tips to reading scientific paper (3)

A
  1. Be selective
  2. Read efficiently
    - do not read everything
  3. Read effectively
    - do not believe everything said in the paper
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10
Q

How to do literature search? (4)

A
  1. Enter key words & phrases in most reputable databases
  2. Retrieve relevant articles through title, abstracts etc from the most recent ones
  3. Analyse quality of the work
  4. Draft brief summary of the most relevant articles
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11
Q

Tips to reading scientific paper (3)

A
  1. Be selective
  2. Read efficiently
    - do not read everything
  3. Read effectively
    - do not believe everything said in the paper
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12
Q

How to differentiate a “good” from “not so good” scientific paper? (4)

A
  • clear & concise writings
  • sound rationale & methodology
  • findings are novel
  • quantity & quality of the paper
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13
Q

Major components of a paper (6)

A
  1. Title
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Materials & Methods
  5. Results
  6. Discussion
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14
Q

What is included in the Discussion section? (3)

A
  • brief summary of major results
  • significance of the findings & generalisability
  • acknowledge & address the gaps of the study
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15
Q

Some methods to illustrate data (5)

A
  1. Table, lists
  2. Line graphs
  3. Bar graphs
  4. Diagrams
  5. Flowcharts
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16
Q

Table & lists data (2)

A
  • values

- raw data

17
Q

Line graphs data (2)

A
  • summarise trends

- show associations

18
Q

Bar graphs data (2)

A
  • show difference

- draw comparisons

19
Q

Diagram & Flowchart data (3)

A
  • pathway
  • processes
  • sequential processes
20
Q

Tips in illustrating data in tables

A
  • do not leave any cells empty (indicate as NA)

- abbreviations used should be defined in legend of the table

21
Q

Is criticisms from anonymous reviewers important?

A

Yes

- to ensure objectivity & quality when addressing the criticism

22
Q

How to deal with criticism? (3)

A
  1. Evaluate the validity of the criticism
  2. Repeat study with consideration of the criticism
  3. Revise manuscript & write rebuttal to address the criticism raised
23
Q

5 ‘P’s in the presentation of your study

A

Practice & Preparation Prevents Poor Performance

EPI PR3144 (24 decks)

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