Products From Oil Flashcards
Which two ways can cracking be done?
By heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to a very high temperature
By passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot catalyst
What does cracking produce?
Small alkanes and alkenes
What is the general formula of alkenes?
CnH2n
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with fewer numbers of atoms than alkanes but the same number of carbon atoms and carbon-carbon double bonds
What colour do alkenes turn bromine water?
Turn it from orange to colourless
What does the double bond do to an alkene?
Makes it more reactive than alkanes
Give three ways in which alkenes are different to alkanes
Unsaturated Double bonds Different general formula Fewer hydrogen atoms More reactive De colourise bromine water
What is cracking?
The reaction used to break down large molecules into smaller , useful ones. This occurs when hydrocarbon vapour is either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a high temperature
What are plastics made from?
Very large molecules called polymers
What are polymers made from?
Small molecules called monomers joined together
What is the reaction to make polymers called?
Polymerisation o
How do alkenes become polymers?
The monomers double bonds open up and become single and joins with other monomer molecules to for a polymer
Why can we make polymers from alkenes but not alkanes?
Alkenes are more reactive or are unsaturated or have a double bond, alkanes are unreactive or saturated and do not have a double bond
What are light sensitive polymers?
Used in sticking plasters to cover sounds so the plasters can be easily removed
What are hydrogels?
Polymers that can trap water and have many uses including dressings for wounds
What are shape memory polymers?
They change back to their original shape when temperature or other conditions are changed
What is another example of a smart polymer?
A material used for stitching be wounds that changes that changes shape when heated to body temperature
How can fibres for fabrics use polymers?
They can be coated with polymers to make the, waterproof and breathable
How can plastic drink bottles be reused?
The can be recycled to make polyester fibres for clothing as well as filling pillows and duvets
What are non-biodegradable plastics?
Plastic waste that cannot be Brocken down when left in the environment unless disposed of properly, plastic rubbing gets everywhere it is unslighty and can harm wildlife. It also takes up valuable space in a landfill
What breaks down biodegradable plastics?
Micro organisms
How would using biodegradable plastics help with the problems of plastic litter?
The litter would be decomposed by microorganisms when in contact with soil and so it would not remain in the environment
What can be added to non-biodegradable to help with the breaking down process?
Cornstarch so the plastic breaks down into small Pieces that can be mixed with soil or compost
How can you make biodegradable plastics?
From plant material. Eg polymer made from cornstarch that is used as biodegradable food packaging
