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0 English 2 > Production, Distribution, Consumption > Flashcards

Production, Distribution, Consumption Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

production synonym

A

manufacturing

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2
Q

def production

A

converting raw materials into finished goods (input gets transformed into output)

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3
Q

tr raw materials

A

surovine

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4
Q

factory synonym 2

A

production facility, plant

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5
Q

def labour intensive

A

a production that requires a lot of workforce

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6
Q

def capital intensive

A

a production that requires a lot of finance

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7
Q

def control of capacity

A

controlling bottlenecks and production volumes (how much can be produced)

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8
Q

def control of stock (+synonym)

A

inventory

control of warehouses to prevent expiry dates + to keep liquid as a company

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9
Q

def+tr lean production

A

vitka proizvodnja

producing exactly as much as you sell, minimising stock (of raw materials, WIPs, and finished goods)

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10
Q

def JIT

A

just-in-time

it’s a synonym for lean production

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11
Q

state risks of lean production (3)

A
  • order fluctuation (big orders with short delivery times when there is not enough raw materials)
  • supplier problems (logistics)
  • workforce productivity fluctuates
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12
Q

def TQM

A

total quality management

overall commitment to quality

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13
Q

defect synonym x2

A

reject = faulty product

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14
Q

what are zero defects?

A

minimal (none is impossible to achieve) faulty products

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15
Q

def distribution +2 synonyms

A

supply chain management, logistics

= transporting goods to customers (to match the demand with supply with minimal inventory and in shortest time)

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16
Q

what does distribution involve? (4)

A
  1. physcial handling (packing, labelling, loading, unloading)
  2. warehousing
  3. documentation preparation and handling
  4. transportation
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17
Q

what are the three typical distribution channels?

A
  1. producer - wholesaler - retailer - consumer
  2. producer - retailer - consumer
  3. producer - consumer
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18
Q

def retailing

A

the business of selling small quantities to the general public (at retail prices)

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19
Q

what are the 4 ways retailing is performed?

A
  1. brick-and-mortar store (physcial store)
  2. e-tailing (online store)
  3. direct selling (in-house promotions; door-to-door selling)
  4. automatic merchandising (vending machines)
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20
Q

store synonym

A

outlet (has two meanings - it can also be a store with discounted prices)

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21
Q

different types of stores (9)

A
  • kiosk = newsstand = tobacconist
  • convencience store (originally frozen food, now a normal grocery store) = groceries
  • specialty stores (specializirane trgovine)
  • discount stores
  • store chain (same layouts, same prices)
  • supermarkets -> hypermarkets -> super stores (size varies)
  • department stores (organisation in departments - underwear, mens wear, womens wear, toiletries) (veleblagovnica, like Nama or Maximarket)
  • shopping centres (malls) (different stores under the same roof)
  • retail park (different stores in the same geographical location, but not all under same roof)
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22
Q

how are prices set? (4 parts)

A

producers: production costs + markup
wholesalers: + markup
intermediaries / agents / distributors: + markup
retailers: + profit margin

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23
Q

difference between markup and profit margin?

A

markup: (rabat, pribitek ceni) percentage difference between the actual cost and the selling price
profit margin: (marža) percentage difference between the selling price and the profit

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24
Q

which products have the highest markups and profit margins?

A

luxury clothing and cosmetics (800% markups), car industry (1/3 of final price are the actual costs)

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25
Q

def CRM

A

customer relationship managemeent

management of customer interactions to increase spending + develop long-term relationship

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26
Q

def customer care

A

the provision of service before, during, and after the purchase
(information giving; high quality staff; complaint management)

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27
Q

tr anticipate

A

predvideti

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28
Q

why is it said that complaints are a tip of an iceberg?

A

only a few people have enough time and courage to complain

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29
Q

what are the two main goals of retailers? what is the goal behind that?

A
  • satisfy average customers
  • exceed expectations
    highest possible customer retention, minimal customer defection
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30
Q

def customer defection +2 synonyms

A

attrition, churn (!!)

customer stops buying one brand and switches to another

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31
Q

brand switchers synonym

A

transient customers

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32
Q

what is the main reason for customer loyalty? (allegiance)

A

practicality

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33
Q

tr repeat business

A

ponavljajoči se nakupi

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34
Q

tr brand switchers

A

kupci, ki zamenjajo blagovno znamko

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35
Q

when is the european consumer day?

A

15th march

36
Q

what are the 10 basic principles of consumer protection?

A
  1. buy what you want
  2. send it back if it doesnt work
  3. high safety standards for food
  4. know what you’re eating
  5. contracts should be fair to consumers
  6. consumers can change their mind
  7. comparison of prices (full prices are clearly displayed - with VAT, unit prices = price per kilo; websites)
  8. consumers should not be misled (prohibited since 07)
  9. protection while on holiday
  10. effective redress for cross-border disputes
37
Q

redress def

A

a sum of money paid for compensation for loss, damage, or injury

38
Q

what do unfair commercial practices include? (3)

A
  1. aggressive practices (undue influence = exploiting a position of power over the consumer)
  2. misleading advertising
  3. aggressive doorstep selling
39
Q

def exceed

A

to be better than expected

40
Q

def to defect

A

to leave / stop being loyal

41
Q

def order fulfilment

A

making sure that a customer gets the right goods at the right time

42
Q

def distribution channel

A

the chain of firms or intermediaries through which a product passes until it reaches the consumer

43
Q

what is one of the main concepts in pricing?

A

mark-up

44
Q

final consumer synonym

A

end-user

45
Q

tr širitev proizvodnega programa

A

product diversification

46
Q

tr razlikovanje izdelka od konkurence

A

product differentiation

47
Q

mark_ _ able + product

A

marketable

48
Q

to r_ll out a product

A

roll out

49
Q

do_ _ _tically produced product

A

domestically

50
Q

def finished goods

A

intended for sale

51
Q

def fast-moving consumer goods

A

bought often, consumed quickly, usually not very expensive

52
Q

def consumer durables

A

bout occasionally, consumed slowly, more expensive

53
Q

def industrial goods

A

bought by other companies for their own use

54
Q

def consumer goods

A

bought by individuals

55
Q

tr FMCG + meaning

A

blago široke potrošnje

fast moving consumer goods

56
Q

tr deal with complaints

A

reševati pritožbe

57
Q

meaning + tr JIT

A

just in time; proizvodnja ob pravem času

58
Q

meaning + tr TQM

A

total quality management; celostno obvladovanje kakovotsti

59
Q

meaning + tr CRM

A

customer relationship management;

upravljanje odnosov s strankami (kupci)

60
Q

meaning + tr ISO

A

international standardisation organisation;

mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo

61
Q

meaning + tr USP

A

unique selling point;

posebna prodajna vrednost

62
Q

simplify the process 2 synonyms

A

rationalize, streamline

63
Q

spare capacity synonym

A

excess capacity

64
Q

dispose of stock 2 synonyms

A

get rid of, reduce

65
Q

replace stock synonym

A

reorder

66
Q

tr supply chain

A

oskrbna veriga

67
Q

tr capital intensive

A

stroškovno intenziven

68
Q

tr labour intensive

A

delovno intenziven

69
Q

tr capacity utilization

A

izkoriščenost zmogljivosti

70
Q

tr retailer

A

prodajalec na drobno

71
Q

tr wholesaler

A

grosist (prodajalec na debelo)

72
Q

tr bottleneck

A

ozko grlo

73
Q

tr intermediary

A

posrednik

74
Q

tr price sensitive

A

cenovno občutljiv

75
Q

tr perishable goods

A

hitro pokvarljivo blago

76
Q

tr e-tailing

A

spletna prodaja

77
Q

tr veleblagovnica

A

department store

78
Q

tr nakupovalno središče

A

retail park

79
Q

tr veliko naročilo

A

bulk order

80
Q

tr razlikovalni dejavnik

A

differentiating factor

81
Q

tr odhajanje kupcev

A

customer defection

82
Q

tr telefonska linija za pomoč kupcem

A

customer helpline

83
Q

tr naročanje

A

order placement

84
Q

def lax

A

antonym of tough, strict

85
Q

def furlough

A

paid leave of absence

86
Q

def stimulous (payouts)

A

bonus for dangerous professions in covid times (e.g. doctors)

0 English 2 (11 decks)

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