production animal Flashcards

Question

what is the whithers pinch test

Answer 1

common diagnostic test for traumatic reticuloperitonitis is the withers pinch test, in a normal cow if you pinch their withers the cow should dip and perform a shrug like action. In a cow with tyre wire they will be reluctant to perform the dip, or will grunt whilst dipping; indicating pain.

Answer 2

non specific abdominal issue treatment: conservative medical managment: coffee fluids roll buscopan- keep eye on withdrawl NSAID- ketoprophen has short withdrawl but if giving buscopan just give metacalm review in a couple of hours- be sensible about time of day! look at schedual and give time to do other treatment if needed- never let sun go down on RDA. if not better go to ex-lap surgery- rules out emergency slaughter ex lap

Answer 3

caecal torsion?- often result in zero faecal output dilated caecum- not as painfull as some other differentials small intestinal issue spiral colon torsion RDA- offten acoumpanied by pos secussion gas in the euterus- woud be felt on rectal peritonitis- can produce ping!!!- bubble wrap feeling on rectal- this is important as in this senario you CANNOT send for slaughter

Answer 4

diagnostics-- swab histopathology from lungs in any dead baermans flotation test faecal egg count wheelbarrow test ultrasound post mortem diffferentials- bacterial pnemonia- pasturelosis, manhemia haemolitica clostridial disease viral pneumonia lungworm Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) fluke- aub acute faciolisis - especially if grazed with or ater cows as cows create big burden on pasture texel throat- Laryngeal chondritis bolus gun injury treatment for non specific cause- oxytetracicline- good penetration, cat d, cheap, la prep available, broad spectrum (clear anitbiotics clear the airways) vaccinate- heptivac + but not the sick animals give to non pyrexic members of herd and recovered ones later multivit injection?- price? time? supportive rehydration check back in tomorrow euthanasia?- cant be casualty slaughter as pyrexia captivebolt most efficient

Answer 5

1-BZ (white) Benzimidazoles broad spectrum effective against trichostrongyles, haemonchus, nemotodirus(esspecially effective) and mature fluke at higher doses

Answer 6

2-LM (yellow) levamizole broad spectrum effective against trichostrongyles, haemonchus, nemotodirus

Answer 7

3-ML- (clear) macrocyclic lactones broad specrum effective against trichostrongyles, haemonchus, nemotodirus

Answer 8

4-AD-(orange) amino-acetonitrite derivatives broad spectrum

Answer 9

5-SI-(purple) spironoindoles

Answer 10

breed own replecments-closed herd quarentine incoming stock healthy livestock- bvd vaccination lungworm vaccine nutrition natural antiparisitics- herbal leys trees- willow= cobalt, salacilic acid, tanin longer sward lenght- ryegrass- revents eggs from clinbing to top of feed mixed graxing- different parasites regional warnings/ forecasts breedingrest perios youngstock paddocks multipliers

Answer 11

teat end damage- large lambs on ewes orf- jagged pasture a predisposer to this thistles and gorse chapped from cold staph,aureus from ewews skin manhemia heamolytica from lambs mout strep dysgalactica- ?

Answer 12

tubes can damage teats systemic antibiotics more common- theoretically amoxicillan and oxytetracicline in very early stages resistance in manheimias and pasturellas for oxytet long acting macrolides best - draxin (Tulathromycin) has a nice 16 day withdrawl and lasts for a long time- wont save qaurter NSAIDS- to treat toxic shock that is often a factor often not seen in early stages as udder harder to monitor in sheep

Answer 13

investigation of teat damage adequate ewe nutrition orf prevention vax and thistles decreased exposure to incliment weather often difficult ot control- strep. dysgalctiae taxels predisposed- management? predisposition?

Answer 14

massive welfare problem cs- sudden onset lameness, pain heat and swellin in multiple joints, reduced feeding, ill thrift as young as 5 day but often 2-4 weeks high lamb losses in bad outbreaks naval BIGGEST route of infection- strict naval hygene- iodene and spirit ambing shed and pen hygene also important

Answer 15

strep. dysgalctiae e.coli staph. aureus other streps t.pyogenes naval or oral rout haemotogenous spread route of intorduction hard to pinpoint

Answer 16

long course of penecillan- procaine penecillan for a week best but betaox/ trimox alos works. long acting common so offlicense injection daily has been done at least 7 days NSAIDs or steriod- steriod preference?? corticosteriod on day 1 and 2-3: o.5ml raidexon caught early is far better success

Answer 17

big joint ill and mastatis pathogen survives for long time in DRY conditions- so even seemingly clean shed can hold infection moving sheep a solution? try to reduce load in shed- high output commonly struggle- reducong stocking density good solution

Answer 18

e.coli cs- watery mouth, fluid in belly, lethargy, scour e.coli ingested before colostrum, in conjunction with poor or too little colostrum or in large quntites twins, triplets and quads more prone investigation- look at shed: clenliness? mastitis? hand hygene? COLOSTRUM- igg levels can be used, total protiens from less than a week old lambs more practical. nutrition and food acess important factor to quality poor pem hygene and nutrition two big factors prelambing bloods can be doen- 2-4 weeks before lambing. blood sample ewews to look at total protene and urea (indication of short term protiene) and bhps to check protiens and energy for milk prodution

Answer 19

Flushing – Increasing nutrition with forage or concentrates before breeding, increases ovulation rate in ewes Intravaginal sponges impregnated with progestogens (medroxyprogesterone acetate or fluorgestone acetate) have been the most widely used agents for control of ovulation but are not available for clinical use in the US. Progestogen treatment is administered for 10–14 days in sheep CIDR ovis also use progesterone and are currently more availcable- T-shaped nylon insert molded with silicone rubber skin containing progesterone that's released at a controlled rate into the bloodstream after insertion- 12 days removal causes rapid drop in progesterone and therefore ovulation, put tups in straight away PMSG melatonin implants- regulin: behind the ear as this part is not going into the food chain teasers light managment

Answer 20

anthrax hardwear disease clostridial disease- black leg, pulpy kidney lightning strike tetnus Botulism plant toxcicity- yew, acorns, bracken, rhododendron, ragwort ruminal acidosis caudal vena cava syndrome copper or lead poisoning haemorrage thyamine defficancy heart attack trauma fluke- black disease fog fever- l-tryptophan staggers- hypomagnesaemia colic- intestinal torsion halocure overdose electrocution iatrogenic- bolus gun injury

Answer 21

at grass evidence of paddling vitrous humour to test mg levels

Answer 22

can be very quick ping palpable per rectum scant faeces torsed cas=ecum rda teisting and causing toxicity small intentinal torsions or interssuseption mesenteric torsion

Answer 23

lead- car battery- blind if alive- found in blood and kidneys zcrorn creosote bracken yew rhodedendrin fresh autumn grass- fog fever

Answer 24

change of diet? acess to grain? rumen ph <5 at pm

Answer 25

often multiple animals near tree can travek in wet ground instant- grass in mouth singe marks in midline and medial hindlimbs petechiation of dermis often clained for insurance

Answer 26

could be caudal vena cava syndrome- bilateral epistaxsi milk vein-abcessate vaginal/ uterine artery

Answer 27

ingested clostridia deposited in muscles and react to trauma or execive excersise- young strong beef animas rapid autolysis usually best anias in herd acute onset, febrile crepetiuus, swolen limbs alos in myocardium and diaphram

Answer 28

black disease- migration of immature liver fluke malignant oedema- often im injection activating latent spores tetanus- lockjaw, ears back, hindlin=mb stifness, raised tailhead. castration and isiopathic due to gut overgrowth botulism- flaccid paralysis in 4-7, tounge most obvious to begin with

Answer 29

albumin is made during pregnacy but globulin is obtained by maternal antibodies low total protien is a crude reflection of globulin levels ASSUMING albumin is normal and the animal is not dehydrated cheap and quick method constent measures of 35-40 flags problems

Answer 30

e.coli- irst few days and ofen more septicemia crypto- mostly uner 3 weeks rota virus corona virus