Equine Flashcards
oral sedation in horses
(acp or) detomadine
acp
mainly used orally- slow onset even with iv, moderate sedation
low blood pressure
side effects- hypotension, priapism (perminant paralysis of the penis), (epilepsy- lowers seazure threshhold)
alpha 2s for sedation
main group used in horses-
10% xylazine
detomadine
romiphidine
/\ ordered in leanghth of duration
used commonly in conjunction with opioids
an be given with syringe
act on adreneline receptors
diuretic effect- hypogluysemia and resuctin in vasopresin and renin secretion- very clear urine
bradycardia
foals cope less well with the bradycardia
hypotensiom
ataxia
sweating
slows gut motility- colic risk!
pyrexic horses react poorly- reverse with atipamizol IM (some can be given iv in emergency but can cause syncope becuse of hypotension)
possibly contraindicated in last trimester of pregnancy- increase in itrauterine pressure, risk of abortion. use is judgment call
increasing dose generally just increases time not effect
excitment inmportant factor in level of sedation- ear plugs? blindfold? enviroment
opiods for sedation
used in combo wiht alpha 2
butorphanol- sedative and analgesic (analgesis dose expensive)
if given a few minuetes after alpha 2 there is less ataxia
morphine-
better analgesia
excitment- locomotor activity
illeus
- not licenced- used on cascade so use needs to be justified- sufficient evidence that morphine has far better analgesia
controlled drug- needs to be locked up
methadone-
used as sedative cocktail-
same as morphine with no histamine relsease- comes in inconvinient sizes so morphine favoured
90mins duration
colic drugs
surgical vs non surgical factors-
asses heartrate and pain before giving meds-
over 50= porbs surgical
very violent= xylazine
less violent- alpha 2 + butorphanol
painfull eye drugs
aplpah 2 + opioid
proxymetacaine topically- local anesthetic
auriculopalpebral block?- monitor only
sedation for castration
alpha 2 (plenty!) and opiod
twitch
local infiltration- inject up into cord- allow time
injecting into parencimal of testical can cause bleed
euthanasia
health and saftey!
inform owner of process
free bullet- pre sedate
injection- somulose
- pre sedate? catheter?-AVOID XYLAZINE
advise against watching removal
sedation for untouchable horses
chloral hydrate- 30-60 grams in a gallon of water
bitter taste and so water needs to be witheald for a 48 hours
traige analgesia in the horse
most analgesics go IV- flunixin for colic, phenalbutazone for bony pain
what if you can thave iv acess???
sedation dependent- im, iv or orally
im- slower, doesnt require iv access- stuck in trailer? bigger dose needed
iv- standard dose unless horse is excitable
traige fever of unknown origin
flunixin and bute- reduce fever and analgesia
triage of a colic case
medical or surgical?
give buscopan and bute
rectal- distended intestine?
nasogastric tube- reflux? >2literes?
analgesia- bute better for future drug giving but flunixin better relief
most common equine vaccines
equine influenza- more appropraite if traveling or meeting other horses. always a good idea bar financial concerns
tetnus- important
Equine herpes virus- esspecially in mares as causes abortion
common sites of synovial penetration
pastern+ fetlock
hock
carpus
sole
elbow
stifle
scintigrapy
fractures- especially upper limb
good for some joints-
sacroilac
small tasal
poor for psd
poor for stifle lameness
