Equine Flashcards
oral sedation in horses
(acp or) detomadine
acp
mainly used orally- slow onset even with iv, moderate sedation
low blood pressure
side effects- hypotension, priapism (perminant paralysis of the penis), (epilepsy- lowers seazure threshhold)
alpha 2s for sedation
main group used in horses-
10% xylazine
detomadine
romiphidine
/\ ordered in leanghth of duration
used commonly in conjunction with opioids
an be given with syringe
act on adreneline receptors
diuretic effect- hypogluysemia and resuctin in vasopresin and renin secretion- very clear urine
bradycardia
foals cope less well with the bradycardia
hypotensiom
ataxia
sweating
slows gut motility- colic risk!
pyrexic horses react poorly- reverse with atipamizol IM (some can be given iv in emergency but can cause syncope becuse of hypotension)
possibly contraindicated in last trimester of pregnancy- increase in itrauterine pressure, risk of abortion. use is judgment call
increasing dose generally just increases time not effect
excitment inmportant factor in level of sedation- ear plugs? blindfold? enviroment
opiods for sedation
used in combo wiht alpha 2
butorphanol- sedative and analgesic (analgesis dose expensive)
if given a few minuetes after alpha 2 there is less ataxia
morphine-
better analgesia
excitment- locomotor activity
illeus
- not licenced- used on cascade so use needs to be justified- sufficient evidence that morphine has far better analgesia
controlled drug- needs to be locked up
methadone-
used as sedative cocktail-
same as morphine with no histamine relsease- comes in inconvinient sizes so morphine favoured
90mins duration
colic drugs
surgical vs non surgical factors-
asses heartrate and pain before giving meds-
over 50= porbs surgical
very violent= xylazine
less violent- alpha 2 + butorphanol
painfull eye drugs
aplpah 2 + opioid
proxymetacaine topically- local anesthetic
auriculopalpebral block?- monitor only
sedation for castration
alpha 2 (plenty!) and opiod
twitch
local infiltration- inject up into cord- allow time
injecting into parencimal of testical can cause bleed
euthanasia
health and saftey!
inform owner of process
free bullet- pre sedate
injection- somulose
- pre sedate? catheter?-AVOID XYLAZINE
advise against watching removal
sedation for untouchable horses
chloral hydrate- 30-60 grams in a gallon of water
bitter taste and so water needs to be witheald for a 48 hours
traige analgesia in the horse
most analgesics go IV- flunixin for colic, phenalbutazone for bony pain
what if you can thave iv acess???
sedation dependent- im, iv or orally
im- slower, doesnt require iv access- stuck in trailer? bigger dose needed
iv- standard dose unless horse is excitable
traige fever of unknown origin
flunixin and bute- reduce fever and analgesia
triage of a colic case
medical or surgical?
give buscopan and bute
rectal- distended intestine?
nasogastric tube- reflux? >2literes?
analgesia- bute better for future drug giving but flunixin better relief
most common equine vaccines
equine influenza- more appropraite if traveling or meeting other horses. always a good idea bar financial concerns
tetnus- important
Equine herpes virus- esspecially in mares as causes abortion
common sites of synovial penetration
pastern+ fetlock
hock
carpus
sole
elbow
stifle
scintigrapy
fractures- especially upper limb
good for some joints-
sacroilac
small tasal
poor for psd
poor for stifle lameness
bone cysts
presents as hopping lame but suddenly sound
little as lame for a few strides
predominantly sound horses
luxations
ruptures of colateral ligamament s of fetlock- dramatic can be fixed with cast
MRI for severe lameness
solar penetration
ddft leasions
colateral ligs- dip and pip
subchondral bone injury
good for persistant distal limb
upper foxation of patella
pathognomonic stance
young/weak horse
raised heels
quadricepts develpment
often unhook it themselves- then need to strenghten ligaments
available equine vaccines
flue, tet. Ehv, ring worm, strangles, equine rota va, west nile, rabies
vaccine schedual for equine inflenza
v1- 6months
v2- 21-60 days after v1
v3- booster 5-6months
(BHA, BS,PC,RC- 120-80 days
BD,BE,FEI, polo- 6 months +/_ 21 days
Booster-
BHA, BS,PC,RC- within 12 months of previous
FIE BE- within 6 months of competition
not allowed to have vaccination within 7 days of competition
can still vaccinate if a coupke of weeks over cut off and still possibly be covered but will not be certified
wormers for horses
ivermecin
moxidectin
fenbendazole
praziquantil
pyrentel
IVERMETIN USE
STRONGYLES BUT THERE IS RESISTANCE
moxidectin use
STRONGYLES BUT THERE IS RESISTANCE
fenbendazole
ascarids
praziquantil
tapeworm
pyrentel
tapeworm
