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Business Studies > Production > Flashcards

Production Flashcards

1
Q

What is production

A

The process of transforming factors of production into finished products, services or outputs

Inputs—–>transformation—–> outputs

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2
Q

Production systems

A

The process used to manufacturing products

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3
Q

Main types of production systems…

A

Continuous production

Interrupted production

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4
Q

What is continuous production

A

Products that flow continuously from one point to another

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5
Q

What is a type of continuous production

A

Mass production

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6
Q

What is mass production

A

Producing products in bulk ex… Tvs, pencils, cereals, jelly beans.. etc

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7
Q

Characteristics of mass production

A
  • Expensive and specialized equipment is used
  • A small variety of goods are produced
  • Machinery is placed in a logical order to promote continuous flow
  • Goods are transported from one work station to another usually on a conveyer belt
  • large volumes are produced
  • work routine and operators are specialized
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8
Q

Advantaged of continuos production

A
  • cost per unit is less
  • greater specialization occurs
  • division of labour occurs
  • workers and equipment are optimally used
  • control of production process is simplified
  • sales turnover is high
  • equipment is standardized and products are uniform
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9
Q

Disadvantages of continuous production

A
  • production process is inflexible
  • changes in demand cant be taken into account
  • large amount of capital is required as special equipment must be bought
  • changes in machinery is expensive
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10
Q

What is interrupted production

A

Separate orders with different specifications are made

Larger variety of products produced

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11
Q

Types of interrupted production..

A

Jobbing

Batch production

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12
Q

What is jobbing

A

Products are manufactured to customers special needs
The customer designs what they want and how it will suit them

Ex… ships, boats, dance dresses, houses

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13
Q

Characteristics of jobbing

A
  • Products are unique and not remanufactured
  • one job must be completed before the next one can be done
  • all purpose machinery is used
  • workers must be highly skilled
  • large amount of capital is required
  • production control is simplified
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14
Q

What is batch production

A
  • Its a combination of mass production and jobbing
  • There are a large amount of similar projects made but according to specific requirements
  • a production system that focuses on making one type of product in one batch before moving on to a batch of another type .. ex.. cars, furniture, breads, school uniforms
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15
Q

Characteristics of Batch production

A
  • production involves various steps which must each be completed before another one starts
  • large quantities and variety of similar products
  • multi purpose machinery is used
  • workers are versatile
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16
Q

Advantages of interrupted production

A
  • greater flexibility
  • machinery breakdowns can be easily overcome
  • machinery is less expensive
  • easy to adapt to changes in quantity demand
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17
Q

Disadvantages of interrupted production

A
  • high production costs per unit
  • keep rage amounts of semi finished goods
  • products take longer to produce
  • large amounts of capitol is needed
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18
Q

What does production entail?

A

Production planning

Production control

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19
Q

What is production planning

A
  • Considering the micro market and macro environments to find the best production methods
  • making all the decisions regarding production to ensure efficiency for all of us
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20
Q

Steps in production planning

A

Planning
Routing
Scheduling
Loading

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21
Q

Planning

A

Determine which production systems, steps in the production systems, costs, calculating amount of material and assets and labour needed

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22
Q

Routing

A

Planning the route that goods will take through the production process

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23
Q

Scheduling

A

Making sure that every task in the production process is completed on time

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24
Q

Loading

A

Assign the work to the operations at each station in the production systems

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25
Q

Advantages of efficient planning?

A
  • supplier is assured with regular orders and a continuos relationship with the manufacturer
  • manufacturer is assured f the regular supply of the correct quantity and quality of materials ensuring efficient production
  • employees have job satisfaction, favorable working conditions and know what is expected of them
  • consumer is assured of regular supply at favorable quantity, quality and prices
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26
Q

Types of planning

A

1 long term planning
2 medium term planning
3 short term planning

27
Q

Long term planning

A

About 3 to 5 years

28
Q

Medium term planning

A

About 2 years

29
Q

Short term planning

A

About 1 year

30
Q

What Denison must be made in long term planning

A
  • selection and designs of the products
  • process planing
  • location selection
  • facts layout
  • machinery and equipment (type, purchase, maintenance)
31
Q

What decisions are made in medium term planning

A

Product specifications

Volume of production

32
Q

What decisions are made in short term planning

A

Working arrangements

Production schedule

33
Q

What is production control

A

Involves overseeing all aspects of the production process from when the raw materials or inputs enter the production system to when they leave as products or outputs

34
Q

Steps in production control

A
  1. Route determination
  2. Following up
  3. Quality inspectors
  4. Corrective planning
35
Q

Route determination

A

How material will move from one pint to another: giving the production orders for production work to begin at each station

36
Q

Following up

A

Keeping watch over the production process to make sure that operations are running smoothly

37
Q

Quality inspectors

A

Inspect the products that the factory has produced

38
Q

Corrective planning

A

Contingency plans

39
Q

What are the steps to ensure a product meets specific standards

A
  1. Set quality standards
  2. Decide how to measure the standards
  3. Measure quality against set standards
  4. Find and correct causes of poor quality
  5. Continuously make improvements
40
Q

What is the meaning of quality in the producers prospective

A
  • conforms to the design
  • conforms to set specifications
  • free of errors
  • fir for purpose
  • measurable
41
Q

What are consumers perspectives of quality

A
  • has natural superiority
  • worth the cost
  • performs to expectations
  • is reliable and durable
42
Q

How to ensure quality control in production

A 
Recording systems 
Set standards
Inspection points
Inspection methods
Tolerance limits
43
Q

Recording systems

A

Keep accurate records

44
Q

Set standards

A

Set standards according to which products will be compared

45
Q

Inspection points

A

Establish a number of inspection points

46
Q

Inspection methods

A

Standardize and consistent

47
Q

Tolerance limits

A

How much variation are you willing to accept

48
Q

Advantages of quality control

A
  • continuous checking and testing mean improved quality
  • motivated employees
  • salary and wages incentives for good quality and strict control
  • happy and loyal customers
  • low production costs
49
Q

What is the purpose of quality management systems

A

Ensure that products are manufactures to a certain quality, within certain specifications and to an acceptable standard

50
Q

What are the quality control bodies

A

South African Bureau of Standards (SABS)

International Standards organization (ISO)

51
Q

SABS

A
  • Preparation and control of standard in industry
  • development and publication of standards of goods and services taking into the account the needs of the producers and consumers
52
Q

ISO

A

-registration system whereby businesses that comply with international quality standards get recognition and are registered in a certificate holders register

53
Q

Direct/ primary costs

A

Costs that can specifically measured and traced directly to the production of specific product

54
Q

Indirect/overhead costs

A

General costs incurred by the business but cant be specifically measured and related to as a product
There are 2 types of them….. fixed costs
Variable costs

55
Q

Fixed costs

A

Manufacturing costs which stay the same no matter the quantity of the product produced ex.. rent, insurance, managers salaries ..etc

56
Q

Variable costs

A

Manufacturing costs which charge according to quality produced.. ex… electric, material costs, some types of wages

57
Q

Total cost of production

A

Direct costs+indirect costs

58
Q

Unit cost (cost price)

A

Total production cost divided by number produced

59
Q

Selling price

A

Cost price +mark up

60
Q

Break even analysis

A

What level of sales is needed for a business to start making a profit

61
Q

General factory safety

A

Workers must know all equipment how to use them and what they do before entering the factory. They must also know all safety laws and company’s safely regulations

62
Q

The machinery and the occupational health and safety act (OHSA)

A

South Africa’s workplace laws are stated in the occupational health and safety act (85 of 1993)

63
Q

The general duties of employers to their employees

A 
Maintain a safe working environment
Limit all risks
Proper maintained of assets 
Precautionary measures 
Provide info
Comply with the OHSA
Always have supervision for employees at work

Business Studies (8 decks)

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