Marketing Flashcards

1
Q

What is marketing

A

All activities involved in the process of getting products and services from producers to consumers

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2
Q

Types marketing

A
Market research
Store page 
Standardization and grading 
Transport
Financing
Insurance
Buying and selling
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3
Q

The 4 p of marketing

A

Product: place; price; promotion and in the middle is target market

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4
Q

7 ps

A

Sometimes people refer to the 7 ps, they are the 4 ps plus people, process and physical environment

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5
Q

Marketing policy instruments or the marketing mix

A

Product
Price
Distribution
Communication policies

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6
Q

Tasks do marketing manager

A
Which products to sell
Prices
Expected sales
Distribution 
Communication between stakeholders examine environmental conditions
Analysis of competition 
Analysis of micro environment 
Select target market
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7
Q

Product classification

A

Industrial products
Convince products
Shopping
Speciality

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8
Q

Industrial products

A

Products used by businesses i.e. Machinery

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9
Q

Convince good s

A

Takes little thought and buy them everyday, cheap and widely available appeals to bug target market

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10
Q

Shopping products

A

Compared by quality

Takes more time to buy

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11
Q

Specially products

A

Very unique spend lots of time before buying one and actively look for it

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12
Q

Product life cycle

A

Introduction phase- high costs, low sales, low profits
Growth phase- falling costs, rising sales growing profits
Maturity phase- stable costs stable sales stable profits
Decline- stable cots, decline sales declining profits

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13
Q

Packing objectives and functions

A

Safety
Convenience
Promotion
Pollution

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14
Q

Requirements of good packaging

A

Must be eye catching and gain immediate attention
Suit the product
Suitably designed for target market.. i.e. Cheap good in cheap pack
Must be different from competitors
Support the image business is trying to create
Right for display purposes and meet retailers requirement
Environmentally responsible
Must protect contents
Should be easily to distribute

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15
Q

Packaging strategies

A
Reusable packaging- durable materials
Speciality- luxurious looks appealing 
Multiple - more than 1 item
Kaleidoscope- changes according to trends
Family- all have similar styles... ex sim a
Combination- 2 in 1
Unit- immediate consumption 
Environmental friendly
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16
Q

Branding

A

Means a name, term or symbol to identity a product

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17
Q

Brand name

A

Part of the name that can be spoken… i.e. Letters words or numbers

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18
Q

Brand mark

A

Element that is not made up of words usually a symbol or design

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19
Q

Branding

A

Three stages…
1- brand recognition
2- brand acceptance
3- brand insistence

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20
Q

Trademark

A

May consist of words or drawings, numerals, signs, symbols or colors

Can be a brand name, slogan, logo, or shape or combination of these

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21
Q

Purpose of trademarks

A
Identification 
Protection
Advertising
Product range expansion is easier
Creates loyalty 
Product image
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22
Q

Registration of trade marks

A

All must be registered in terms of trade mark act
Registration takes place at CIPRO companies and intellectual property registration office
Must be renewed

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23
Q

Publicity types

A

News stories
Personal appearance
Press release

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24
Q

Value of publicity

A

It has a higher degree of credibility
Its free
Quick reaction time
Greater emphasis, not paid for by business

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25
Sales promotions... how do they help businesses
Encourage more consumers to buy the product Build awareness about product Reward loyalty
26
Promotional program considerations
1- what incentive will be offered to consumers 2- how will the incentive be delivered 3- what media strategy will be used to inform consumers
27
Sales promotions...
``` Buy one get one free New technological media Discounted prices Free samples Joint promos Vouchers and coupons Competition and prize draws Cause Finance deals ```
28
What is personal selling
Two ways exchange of info and ideas Face to face contact between buyer and seller Seller must persuade the buyer to buy the product
29
Techniques for personal selling
Cold canvassing Telemarketing Transaction marketing Relationship based selling
30
Cold canvassing
A sales tactic where a person calls across a list for specific areas and targets specific buyers but with the primary goal of collecting info face to face
31
Telemarketing
Also known as inside sales... where a sales person targets prospective buyers and tries to sell the product ver the phone or face to face
32
Transaction marketing
Helps business focus on a single point of sale, manly used to try maximize the efficiency and volume of an individual sales rather then developing an ongoing relationship with a buyers
33
Relationships based selling
Sales tactic where seller works on building relationships with people instead of traditional sales tactics This leads to more people knowing and trusting you leading to more people buying products
34
Advertising methods
``` Print media Broadcast media Online advertising Point of purchase Outdoor billboards Busses, taxis ad cars Telemarking Exhibitions and trade shows ```
35
Advertising methods steps
``` 1 market research 2 aims 3 budget 4 choice media 5 create advert using AIDA 6 launch campaign in the media ```
36
Fighting of adverts
Continuous- all the time Front loading- maximizes initial sales.... so lots at start Pulse fighting- done during separate periods.... so breaks between Seasonal pulse- so advertise at a specific season
37
Types of distribution
Direct | Indirect
38
Direct distribution
Exchange without any intermediary | Consumers buys product straight from manfacrtor
39
Indirect distribution
Exchange with intermediaries | Intermediaries.... wholesalers; agents; brokers; retailers
40
Indirect distribution process
Manufacturing-- agent/broker -- wholesale-- retailer --consumer
41
Reasons for direct distribution
``` One on one with customer No unwilling intermediaries No auxiliary services No delayed delivery Cheaper No Profit sharing ```
42
Reasons for indirect distribution
``` Costly to use intermediary Lack of knowledge Location of target market Manufactures cant supply all auxiliary services offered by intermediaries Could save cost by not being distributor ```
43
Distribution strategies
Exclusive distribution Selective distribution Intensive distribution
44
Exclusive distribution
Speciality products | One outlet in a particulate area
45
Selective distribution
Shopping products | Small number of outlets meeting specific criteria
46
Intensive distribution
Convince products | Every available outlet
47
Selecting a distribution chanel
lol at characteristic of the market Characteristics of the product Characteristics of the manufacturing
48
Characteristics of the market
Few customers and in close proximity | Scattered customer base
49
Characteristics of the product
Does the product require after sales service and will an intermediary supply it Are the goods perishable
50
Characteristics of the manufacturing
Are they bug and financially strong or small and weak | Degree of control the manufactures want to have
51
What is forgein marketing
Marketing that takes place outside a countries own boarders
52
Advantaged of foreign marketing
- An organization can increase profits by expanding market share - The variety of markets could reduce impact of economic downswing in one country through the upswing of the economy of another - there are favorable tax advantages for exporters - if the local market for as specific product becomes saturated then expansion to international markets is the answer
53
When does foreign marketing occur
Importing or exporting Marketing for international markets influences the punches of consumers and can cause and increase or decrease in importing and exporting
54
Factors influencing foreign marketing and trade
``` Subsides Quotas Tariffs Exchange controls Embargo Cultural difference ```
55
Subsides
A government may give financial assistance towards the costs of locally produced products it enable them to be sold at lower prices
56
Quotas
This is a limit that set on the quantity of a reduction that is allowed to enter the country during a year
57
Tariffs
Taxes or systems duties charged on imported goods with the intention of raising the cost of imported goods
58
Exchange controls
A country restricts the availability/use/quantity of foreign currency to importers. Ban the use of certain currencies or fix exchange rates
59
Embargo
An outright ban on trading between one country and another
60
Cultural differences
These differences include languages, expressions, habitats, gestures, idealogies, and much more
61
Factors influencing forget marketing and trade
Language barriers
62
Factors affecting price
Internal | External
63
Internal factors effecting price
Company objectives Marketing mix 4ps Production costs Organization culture
64
External factors
``` Consumers Competition Suppliers Legal matters Government Economic environment ```
65
Pricing strategies
Cost based Value based Completion bases Discount based
66
Cost based
Focuses on costs Fair to both buyers and sellers Ignores important internal and external factors
67
Value based
Based on demand | The clusters place value on these products
68
Competition based
Going rate pricing | Analyses what your competition is doing with their prices and try be better than them
69
Discount strategies
Trade discount -- from business or supplier Quantity discount -- bulk Cash discount Seasonal discount