Product Overview Flashcards
EC2
Compute capacity in the cloud as an instance
General Purpose Instance Type
Provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources
EC2 Instance Types
- General Purpose
- Compute Optimized
- Memory Optimized
- Accelerated Compute
- Storage Optimized
Compute Optimized Instance Type
Compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors
Memory Optimized Instance Type
Designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large datasets in memory (temporary storage are)
Accelerated Compute Instance Type
Use hardware accelerators, or coprocessors, to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on CPUs
Storage Compute Instance Type
Designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to large datasets on local storage.
Pricing Option Types
- On-Demand
- Reserved Instances
- EC2 Instances Savings Plan
- Spot Instances
- Dedicated Hosts
On-Demand Pricing
Short-term, irregular workloads that cannot be interrupted
Reserved Instances Pricing
Billing discount applied to the use of On-Demand Instances in your account on 1 or 3 year term
EC2 Instance Savings Plan
Reduction of EC2 instance costs when you make an hourly spend commitment to an instance family and Region for a 1-year or 3-year term
Spot Instances
Workloads with flexible start and end times, or that can withstand interruptions
Dedicated Host Pricing
Physical servers with Amazon EC2 instance capacity that is fully dedicated to your use
Auto-Scaling
Designing your architecture to automatically respond to changing demand by scaling out or in
Types of Auto-Scaling
- Dynamic
- Predictive
Dynamic Auto-Scaling
Responds to changing demand
Predictive Auto-Scaling
Automatically schedules the right number of Amazon EC2 instances based on predicted demand
Elastic Load Balancing
Automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources
Application Integration Tools
- Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)
- Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)
Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)
Publish/subscribe service. Where a publisher publishes messages to subscribers
Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)
Message queuing service where you can send, store, and receive messages between software components, without losing messages or requiring other services to be available
AWS Lambda
Your code runs on servers, but you do not need to provision or manage these servers/”Serverless Computing
Types of Container Management
- Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
- Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
- AWS Fargate
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
A fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS
Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
Highly scalable, high-performance container management system that supports Docker
Kubernetes
Open-source software that enables you to deploy and manage
AWS Fargate
Serverless compute engine for containers. It works with both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS
Types of Global Infrastructure
- Region
- Availability Zone
- Edge Location
Region
Regions are geographically isolated Areas
Availability Zone
Single data center or a group of data centers within a Region.
Edge Location
Site that Amazon CloudFront uses to store cached copies of your content closer to your customers for faster delivery
AWS Management Console
Web-based interface for accessing and managing AWS services using wizards and automated workflows that can simplify the process of completing tasks
Types of Provisioning Tools
- AWS Management Console
- AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)
- Software Development Kits (SKDs)
AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)
Enables you to control multiple AWS services directly from the command line within one tool by automating the actions that your services and applications perform through scripts
Software Development Kits (SKDs)
Enable you to use AWS services with your existing applications or create entirely new applications that will run on AWS for different programming languages or platforms
Types of Managed Provisioning Tools
- AWS Elastic Beanstalk
- AWS Cloud Formation
AWS Elastic Beanstalk
Provide code and configuration settings, and Elastic Beanstalk deploys the resources necessary
AWS Cloud Formation
Build an environment by writing lines of code and AWS CloudFormation provisions your resources rather than using the AWS Management Console
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
A networking service that you can use to establish boundaries around your AWS resources is
Subnet
Section of a VPC that can contain resources such as Amazon EC2 instances.
Types of Subnets
- Public Subnet
- Private Subnet
Public Subnet
Section of a VPC that can contain resources such as Amazon EC2 instances.
Private Subnet
Isolate databases containing information that cannot be accessed publicly
VPC Access Types
- Internet Gateway
- Virtual Private Gateway
- AWS Direct Connect
Internet Gateway
Allow public traffic from the internet to access your VPC
Virtual Private Gateway
Enables you to establish a virtual private network (VPN) connection between your VPC and a private network, such as an on-premises data center or internal/approved corporate network.
AWS Direct Connect
Service that lets you to establish a dedicated private connection between your data center and a VPC.
Packet
Unit of data sent over the internet or a network.
Types of VPC Networking Security
- Network Access Control List (ACL)
- Security Group
Security Group
Virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for an Amazon EC2 instance.
NEED TO CONFIRM
Network Access Control List (ACL)
Virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level.
Types of Packet Filtering
- Stateless
- Stateful
Stateless
Remembers nothing and check packets that cross the subnet border each way: inbound and outbound.
Domain Name System (DNS)
Translates website names into IP, or Internet Protocol, addresses that computers can read.
Stateful
Remember previous decisions made for incoming packets
Steps of Route 53 and Amazon Cloud Front for content delivery
- A customer requests data from the application by going to AnyCompany’s website.
- Amazon Route 53 uses DNS resolution to identify AnyCompany.com’s corresponding IP address, 192.0.2.0. This information is sent back to the customer.
- he customer’s request is sent to the nearest edge location through Amazon CloudFront.
- Amazon CloudFront connects to the Application Load Balancer, which sends the incoming packet to an Amazon EC2 instance.
Block Level Storage
- File being a series of bytes that are stored in blocks on disc. When a file is updated, the whole series of blocks aren’t all overwritten. Instead, it updates just the pieces that change.
- “Micro Edits” = Good for editing a movie
Types of Block Level Instance Stores
- Instance Store Volumes
- Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
Instance Store Volumes
Provides temporary block-level storage for an Amazon EC2 instance where the instance is physically attached to host
Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
Provides block-level storage volumes that you can use with Amazon EC2 instances. If you stop or terminate an Amazon EC2 instance, all the data on the attached EBS volume remains available
Snapshots
Incremental Backups on Amazon EBS
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
Store and retrieve an unlimited amount of data where each object consists of data, metadata, and a key.
Object in S3
Each object consists of data, metadata, and a key or “File” where you have to upload a new version of the entire data set no micro edits
Bucket in S3
All objects are stored in buckers and the bucket is the “File Directory”
Types of Storage Classes
- S3 Standard
- S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard IA)
- S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA)
- S3 Intelligent-Tiering
- S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval
- S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval
- S3 Glacier Deep Archive
- S3 Outposts
- Static Website Hosting
S3 Standard
Provides high availability for objects for frequently accessed data and is stored data in at least 3 availability Zones
S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard IA)
Similar to Amazon S3 Standard but is for data infrequently accessed but requires high availability when needed.
S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA)
Same as Standard-infrequent access but object is stored in one availability zone.
S3 Intelligent-Tiering
Amazon S3 monitors objects’ access patterns and automatically moves objects to different classes
S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval
Archived data that requires immediate access (few milliseconds)
S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval
Archived data that can retrieve objects within a few minutes to hours
S3 Outposts
Creates S3 buckets on Amazon S3 Outposts
S3 Glacier Deep Archive
Supports long-term retention and digital preservation for data that might be accessed once or twice in a year that can retrieve objects within 12 hours
Static Website Hosting
Static website is a collection of HTML files and each file is akin to a physical page of the actual site
WORM
- Write once/read many
- Vault lock policy and lock the policy from future edits.
Components of Storage Classes
- Vaults
- Archives
- Lock Policy
Lifecycle Management of Storage Classes
Create a configuration without changing your application code, and it will perform those moves for you automatically
Relational database management system (RDBMS)
Store data in a way such that it relates to other pieces of data. i.e “Vlookup” of databases
File Storage
Clients access data through file paths for Large number of services and resources need to access the same data at the same time.
Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)
Scalable file system used with AWS Cloud services and on-premises regional resources for Linux for multiple instances can access (reading and writing) the data in EFS at the same time
Structured Query Language
Relational databases use structured query language (SQL) to store and query data
Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)
Managed service that enables you to run relational databases in the AWS Cloud that automates tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups
Lift-and-Shift Migration (Databases)
Migrate your database to run on Amazon EC2
Amazon Aurora
Enterprise-class relational database Reduce your database costs by reducing unnecessary input/output (I/O) operations, while ensuring that your database resources remain