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AWS > Module 2: Compute in the Cloud > Flashcards

Module 2: Compute in the Cloud Flashcards

1
Q

Types of EC2 Instances

A
  1. General Purpose Instance
  2. Compute Optimized Instance
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2
Q

What are General Purpose instances used for?

A

Provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources

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3
Q

Use Cases for General Purpose Instances

A
  1. Application in which the resource needs for compute, memory, and networking are roughly equivalent.
  2. Application does not require optimization in any single resource area.
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4
Q

What are Compute Optimized Instances used for?

A

General purpose instance for high-performance web servers, compute-intensive applications servers, and dedicated gaming servers

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5
Q

Use Cases for Compute Optimized Isntaces

A
  1. Web application
  2. Gaming servers
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6
Q

Types of EC2 Categories

A
  1. On-Demand
  2. Reserved Instances
  3. EC2 Instance Savings Plans
  4. Spot Instances
  5. Dedicated Hosts
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7
Q

On-Demand Pricing is ideal for:

A

Short-term, irregular workloads that cannot be interrupted

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8
Q

Cost and Term of On-Demand Pricing

A

No upfront costs or minimum contracts apply

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9
Q

On-Demand Pricing Work Load

A

The instances run continuously until you stop them, and you pay for only the compute time you use.

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10
Q

On-Demand Pricing Use Case

A

Developing and testing applications and running applications that have unpredictable usage patterns.

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11
Q

On-Demand Pricing is not recommended for:

A

Workloads that last a year or longer because these workloads can experience greater cost savings using Reserved Instances.

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12
Q

Purpose of Reserved Instances

A

Billing discount applied to the use of On-Demand Instances in your account.

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13
Q

Term on Reserved Instances

A

1 or 3-year term

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14
Q

Requirements of Reserved Instances

A
  1. Instance Size/Type
  2. Operating System
  3. Tenancy
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15
Q

Types of Reserved Instances

A
  1. Standard Reserved
  2. Convertible Reserved
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16
Q

At the end of a reserved instance

A

You can continue using the Amazon EC2 instance without interruption. However, you are charged On-Demand rates until you do one of the following:
1. Terminate the instance
2. Purchase a new Reserved Instance that matches the instance attributes

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17
Q

Standard Reserved Instances are ideal if..

A

You know the EC2 instance type and size you need for your steady-state applications and in which AWS Region you plan to run them

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17
Q

Types of Tenancy for Standard Reserved Instances

A
  1. Default
  2. Dedicated
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18
Q

Convertible Reserved Instances are ideal if..

A

You need to run your EC2 instances in different Availability Zones or different instance types

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19
Q

Cost trade-off between Standard and Convertible Reserved Instances

A

You trade in a deeper discount when you require flexibility to run your EC2 instances.

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20
Q

Purpose of EC2 Instance Savings Plan

A

Reduce your EC2 instance costs when you make an hourly spend commitment to an instance family and Region

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21
Q

EC2 Instance Savings Plan is ideal for..

A

If you need flexibility in your Amazon EC2 usage over the duration of the commitment term

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22
Q

EC2 Instance Savings Plan Term

A

1 or 3-year term

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23
Q

EC2 Instance Saving Plan Cost (Savings compared to On-Demand)

A
  1. Up to 72% as compared to on-demand
  2. Usage beyond commitment is charged at on demand rate
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24
Q

Differences Between Reserved Instances and EC2 Instance Savings Plan

A
  1. You don’t need to specify up front what EC2 instance type and size and tenancy to get a discount
  2. You don’t need to commit to a certain number of EC2 instances over a 1-year or 3-year term
  3. EC2 Instance Savings Plans don’t include an EC2 capacity reservation option.
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25
Q

Purpose of Spot Instances

A

Use unused Amazon EC2 computing capacity and offer you cost savings for flexible workloads

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26
Q

Spot Instances are ideal for…

A

Workloads with flexible start and end times, or that can withstand interruptions.
i.e. Background processing job that can stop and start as needed

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27
Q

Spot Instances cost (savings as compared to on-demand)

A

Up to 90% off of On-Demand prices.

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28
Q

Purpose of Dedicated Hosts

A

Physical servers with Amazon EC2 instance capacity that is fully dedicated to you

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29
Q

Dedicated Hosts are ideal for..

A

Use your existing per-socket, per-core, or per-VM software licenses to help maintain license

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30
Q

Types of Dedicated Hosts

A
  1. On-Demand Dedicated Hosts
  2. Dedicated Host Reservations
31
Q

What is Scalability?

A

Definition: Beginning with only the resources you need and designing your architecture to automatically respond to changing demand by scaling out or in

32
Q

What is the result of Scalability?

A
  1. You pay for only the resources you use
  2. You don’t have to worry about a lack of computing capacity to meet your customers’ needs.
33
Q

What is Amazon EC2 Auto-Scaling?

A

Enables you to automatically add or remove Amazon EC2 instances in response to changing application demand.

34
Q

What does EC2 Auto-Scaling help to maintain?

A

Maintain a greater sense of application availability.

35
Q

Approaches to EC2 Auto-Scaling

A
  1. Dynamic Scaling
  2. Predictive Scaling
36
Q

What is Dynamic Scaling?

A

Auto-scaling that responds to changing demands

37
Q

What is Predictive Scaling:

A

Auto-scaling that automatically schedules the right number of Amazon EC2 instances based on predicted demand

38
Q

Components of an Auto-Scaling Group

A
  1. Minimum Capacity
  2. Desired Capacity
  3. Maximum Capacity
39
Q

What is the desired capacity in an auto-scaling group?

A

Capacity at two EC2 instances

40
Q

What is the minimum capacity in an auto-scaling group?

A

The number of Amazon EC2 instances that launch immediately after you have created the Auto Scaling group

41
Q

What is the desired capacity in an auto-scaling group?

A

Maximum instances available in Auto-Scaling group

42
Q

What happens if you do not specify the desired number of EC2 instances in an Auto-Scaling group?

A

Desired capacity defaults to your minimum capacity.

43
Q

What is Elastic Load Balancing?

A

AWS service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources

44
Q

What is a Load Balancer?

A

Acts as a single point of contact for all incoming web traffic to your Auto Scaling group

45
Q

How are Elastic Load Balance And EC2 Auto-Scaling different?

A

Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling are separate services, they work together to help ensure that applications running in Amazon EC2 can provide high performance and availability.

46
Q

Steps to Load Balancing

A
  1. Add or remove EC2 instances (in response to the amount of incoming traffic)
  2. Requests route to load balancer
  3. Requests spread across multiple resources/instances
47
Q

What is Tightly Coupled Architecture?

A

Architecture is where if a single component fails or changes, it causes issues for other components or even the whole system.

48
Q

What is Loosely Coupled Architecture?

A

An architecture where if one component fails, it is isolated and therefore won’t cause cascading failures throughout the whole system.

49
Q

What is Payload?

A

The data contained within a message

50
Q

What are SQS Queues?

A

Where messages are placed until they are processed.

51
Q

What are SNS Topics?

A

Channel for messages to be delivered.

52
Q

Components of Monolithic Applications

A
  1. Tightly coupled component
  2. Databases, servers, the user interface, business logic, and so on.
53
Q

Components of Microservices Approach:

A
  1. Loosely Coupled Architecture
  2. Amazon SQS
  3. Amazon SNS
54
Q

What is Amazon SQS?

A

SQS allows you to send, store, and receive messages between software components at any volume.

55
Q

What is Amazon SNS?

A

Similar in that it is used to send out messages to services, but it can also send out notifications to end users.

56
Q

What is a Trigger?

A

Mechanisms that initiate the execution of Lambda functions in response to specific events or changes in the AWS environment

57
Q

What is Server less Computing?

A
  1. You cannot see or access the underlying infrastructure
  2. Code runs on servers, but you do not need to provision or manage these servers.
58
Q

What are the benefits of Serverless Computing?

A
  1. lexibility to scale serverless applications automatically.
  2. Just the applications’ capacity by modifying the units of consumptions, such as throughput and memory.
59
Q

What is the difference between Cloud vs. Serverless Computing?

A
  1. Cloud Computing = Servers + Code
  2. Serverless = Just Code
60
Q

What is Amazon Lambda?

A

Service that lets you run code without needing to provision or manage servers.

61
Q

What is the Cost of Amazon Lambda?

A
  1. You pay only for the compute time that you consume.
  2. Charges apply only when your code is running.
62
Q

What are the steps to set up Lambda?

A
  1. You upload your code to Lambda.
  2. You set your code to trigger from an event source, such as AWS services, mobile applications, or HTTP endpoints.
  3. Lambda runs your code only when triggered.
63
Q

What is a Container?

A

Provide you with a standard way to package your application’s code and dependencies into a single object

64
Q

What is Container Orchestration?

A

Help you to deploy, manage, and scale your containerized applications.

65
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)?

A

Highly scalable, high-performance container management system that enables you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS.

66
Q

Types of Docker Containers

A
  1. Open Source Docker Community Edition
  2. Subscription-based Docker Enterprise Edition
66
Q

What type of Container does Amazon ECS Support?

A

Docker Containers

67
Q

What are Docker Containers/

A

Software platform that enables you to build, test, and deploy applications quickly

68
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services (Amazon EKS)

A

Fully managed container service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS.

69
Q

What is Kubernetes?

A

Kubernetes: Open-source software that enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale.

70
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

Serverless compute engine for containers. It works with both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS.

71
Q

What are the benefits of AWS Fargate?

A

You do not need to provision or manage servers as AWS Fargate manages the infrastructure

72
Q

What is the cost of AWS Fargate?

A

You do not need to provision or manage servers as AWS Fargate manages the infrastructure

73
Q
A

AWS (17 decks)

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