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A-Level Computer Science > Processor Components > Flashcards

Processor Components Flashcards

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1
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central Processing Unit

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2
Q

What are some of there components that enable the CPU to carry out its task of executing instructions?

A

Control unit, buses, ALU, dedicated registers

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3
Q

What does ALU stand for?

A

Arithmetic/Logic Unit

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4
Q

What does the control unit do?

A

Controls and coordinates the actives of the CPU, directing the flow of data between the CPU and other devices

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5
Q

What does the control unit do to the next instruction?

A

It accepts the next instruction, decodes it into several sequential steps, manages its execution and stores the resulting data back in memory or registers

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6
Q

What is a bus?

A

A set of parallel wires connecting two or more components of a computer

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7
Q

What is the three separate buses that connect the processor to main memory?

A

Address Bus, Data Bus, Control Bus

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8
Q

When does the CPU use the address bus?

A

When the CPU wishes to access a particular main memory location, it send this address to memory on an address bus

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9
Q

When does the CPU use the data bus?

A

The data that is sent to get on the address bus is then return to the CPU on the data bus

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10
Q

When does the CPU use the control bus?

A

Control signals are sent along the control bus

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11
Q

What are the three buses collectively known as?

A

System Bus

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12
Q

Why can they only transmit along a bus at any one time?

A

Each bus is a shared transmission medium

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13
Q

What is the only signal that travels one way along?

A

Address signals

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14
Q

What direction bus is the control bus?

A

The control bus is a bi-directional bus (signals can be carried in both directions)

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15
Q

Why must control lines be provided?

A

To ensure that access to the use of data and address buses by different components does not lead to conflict

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the control bus?

A

To transmit command, timing and septic status information between system components

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17
Q

In the control bus what does the Bus Request do?

A

Indicates that a device is request the user of the data bus

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18
Q

In the control bus what does the Bus Grant do?

A

Indicates that the CPU has granted access to the data bus

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19
Q

In the control bus what does the Memory Write do?

A

Causes data on the data bus to be written into the addressed location

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20
Q

In the control bus what does the Memory Read do?

A

Causes data from the addressed location to be placed on the data bus

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21
Q

In the control bus what does the Interrupt Request do?

A

Indicates that a device is requesting access to the CPU

22
Q

In the control bus what does the Clock do?

A

Used to synchronise operations

23
Q

what are the main control lines in the control bus?

A

Bus Request, Bus Grant, Memory Write, Memory Read, Interrupt Request and Clock

24
Q

What are the units memory is divided into called?

A

Words

25
Q

What is a word?

A

A fixed size group of digits, typically 16,32 or 64 bits, which is handled as a unit by the processor

26
Q

What does each word has it own independent of?

A

Specific address

27
Q

Why does the address bus transmit the memory addresses of words that are used as operands in program instructions?

A

So the data can be retrieved and sent back to the processor

28
Q

What Instructions can the ALU do?

A

ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY, DIVIDE on fixed or floating point numbers

29
Q

What operations can the ALU do within a register?

A

Shifting bits to the left or the right

30
Q

What Boolean logic operations can the ALU perform?

A

Comparing two values and using operator such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR

31
Q

What is a register?

A

Registers are special memory cells that operate at very high speeds, with all arithmetic, logical or shift operation temporally being stored here

32
Q

What is a accumulator?

A

a type of register for short-term, intermediate storage of arithmetic and logic data in a computer’s central processing unit (CPU)

33
Q

What is other special-purpose registers?

A

Program Counter (PC), Current Instruction Register (CIR), Memory Address Register (MAR), Memory Data Register (MDR)

34
Q

What does the PC do?

A

Holds the address of the next instruction to be executed

35
Q

What does the CIR do?

A

Holds the current instruction being executed, divided into operand and opcode

36
Q

What does the MAR do?

A

Holds the address of the memory location from which data is to be fetched or which data is written to

37
Q

What does the MDR do?

A

Used to temporarily store the data read from or written to?

38
Q

What is MDR also known as?

A

Memory buffer register

39
Q

What does FDE stand for?

A

Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle

40
Q

When does the FDE cycle repeat?

A

The cycle is repeated over and over as each instruction of the program is executed

41
Q

How many phases are part of the Fetch Phase of the FDE?

A

3

42
Q

How many phases are part of the Decode Phase of the FDE?

A

1

43
Q

How many phases are part of the Execute Phase of the FDE?

A

1

44
Q

How may phases of the FDE is there?

A

5

45
Q

What is the first step of the FDE?

A

The address of the next instruction is copied from the PC to the MAR

46
Q

What is the second step of the FDE?

A

The instructions held at the MAR address is copied to MDR, simultaneously the content of the PC is incremented, normally by 1, so it holds the address of the next instruction

47
Q

What is the third step of the FDE?

A

The contents of the MDR are copied into the CIR

48
Q

What is the fourth step of the FDE (the Decode phase)?

A

The instructions held in the CIR is decoded and split into opcode and operand

49
Q

What does spitting the instruction into opcode do?

A

Opcode is used to determine the type of instruction and what hardware to use to execute it

50
Q

In the fourth step of FDE what does the operand hold?

A

The address of the data to be used with the operation, which then copied to the MAR or the actual data to be operated on, which be copied to the MDR, the data t be operated on may be passed to the ALU/accumulator

51
Q

What is the fifth step of the FDE (the execute phase)?

A

The appropriate instructions/opcode is carried out on the operand

A-Level Computer Science (20 decks)

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