Internet Communication Flashcards
What is Circuit Switching?
Creating a direct link between two devices for the duration of the communication
When using circuit switching when is bandwidth wasted?
During the period when no data is being sent
What is the network of both devices for packet switching to occur?
Both must transmit and receive data at the same rate
How do packets arrive under circuit switching?
Data segments or packets arrive in the same order they are sent, simpering the process of reconstructing the message
What is packet switching?
A method of communicating packets across a network on which other similar communications are happening simultaneously
What is packets?
Data that is to be transmitted across a network is broken down into more manageable chunks
What is the size of most packets?
Between 500 to 1500 bytes
Why so some packets use a checksum or Cyclical Redundant Check (CRC)?
To detect transmission errors by creating and attaching a hash total checksum form the data contained in the packets
How can a packets be refused because of suspected data corruption?
If the CRC totals differ
What inside the packet includes the senders and the recipients IP address?
The header
What is the data packet expiration called?
Time To Live (TTL) or hop limit
What route is used when sending packets across the internet?
The fastest or least congested route?
What are routers used for in the internet?
Used to connect at least tow networks
What is the act of traversing between one router and another across a network refers as?
A hop
What is the job of a router?
Read the recipients IP address in each packet and forward it on to the recipient via the fastest and least congested route to the next router until all packets reach its destination
What can routers use to store and update the locations of other network devices to find the most efficient route?
Routing algorithm
when a router is connected to the internet, why must it be registered with the Internet registry?
The IP address of the port connecting has to be register because this IP address must be unique over the whole end
What is used when protocols differ between networks?
A gateway
What do gateway do?
Strips the header data from the packet leaving only the raw data and new data is added in the format of the new network before it get sent
What bus every computer device have to be part of a network?
Network Interface Card (NIC)
What does every NIC have a unique hard-coded card which uniquely identifies the device?
Media Access Control address (MAC address)
What is a protocol?
A set of rules define the common methods of data communication
What does TCP/IP stand for?
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
What are the four TCP/IP layers?
Application layer, transport layer, internet layer, link layer
Where does the application layer sit on the stack?
At the top
What does the application layer do?
Uses protocols relating to the application being used to transmit data over a network
What does the transport layer use?
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
What does the transport layer do?
Established an end-to-end connection with the recipient computer ensuring packets are handled by the correct application on the recipient computer
What does the Internet layer do?
Adds the source and destination IP address, routers operate on the network layer and will use the IP addresses to forward the packets
What does the link layer do?
Is the physical connection between network nodes and adds the unique MAC addresses identifying the NICS of the source and destination computers
What does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Protocol
What does FTP do?
A high level protocol in the application layer using approbate software with the user just dragging across files
What are three protocols used for email data transferring?
Post Office Protocol V3 (POP3), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) and Simple Mail Transfer (SMTP)
