Processes + Patterns of Migration Flashcards
1
Q
What are the different processes of migration?
A
- chain migration
- stepped migration
- illegal immigration
- relay migration
- voluntary migration
- forced migration
2
Q
What is chain migration?
A
- movement of ppl to an area, causing more ppl to follow to that area
- due to dispersing of families or word of mouth encouraging others to relocate
- made possible by immigration laws, giving family members of a citizen priority to migrate into a country
3
Q
What is stepped migration?
A
- gradual movement from origin to destination, through multiple short moves, each time moving to a larger/more important settlement
4
Q
What is illegal immigration?
A
- migration violating law of the country being migrated to
- e.g. when visa expires
5
Q
What is relay migration?
A
- when diff. members of a family take responsibility for migration to improve financial position of family
6
Q
What is voluntary migration?
A
- when an individual/household has a choice to move
7
Q
What is forced migration?
A
- when migrant has little or no choice to move
- e.g. refugees = person who can’t return home bc of fear of persecution, war, famine…
8
Q
What is distance-decay?
A
- as distance inc. between origin + destination, NO° of migrants dec.
9
Q
How can migration be classified?
A
- cause: forced/voluntary
- distance: international/internal
- direction: R-U, intra-urban, immigration/emigration
- duration: migration/circulation
- nature of ppl moving: refugees, stepped/chain, mass/individual
10
Q
What is a migration stream?
A
- when a sufficient NO° of migrants share an origin + destination
11
Q
What are some e.g. of migration trends + patterns?
A
- Britain to Australia/New Zealand after WW2: £10 Poms (fee of £10) encouraged migration to Australia to provide workers for their growing economy
- 1933-1945: around 125,000 Jewish, German immigrants moved to USA to escape persecution under Hitlers control
