Processes

Question 0

List and describe the stages of wounds.

Answer 0

Observable: Noticeable alterations to the INTACT skin such as changes in skin temp, tissue consistency & sensation

Partial Thickness: Skin that is NO LONGER INTACT and affects the epidermis and/or dermis

Full Thickness: Skin loss involving the tissue.

Full Thickness w/ extensive destruction: damage that penetrates down to the muscle and/or bone.

Question 1

How does the blood move through the heart?

Answer 1

• Blood enters Vena Cava
• It empties oxygen poor blood into the RIGHT ATRIUM
• Blood flows from RIGHT ATRIUM through TRICUSPID VALVE to RIGHT VENTRICLE
• When R VENTRICLE is full TRICUSPID VALVE closes
• Blood then leaves the heart through the PULMONIC VALVE
• From PULMONIC VALVE to the PULMONARY ARTERY then to LUNGS to be Oxygenated.
• PULMONARY VEIN empties oxygen-rich blood into LEFT ATRIUM
• Blood then flows through MITRAL VALVE to LEFT VENTRICLE
• When LEFT VENTRICLE is full MITRAL VALVE closes
• LEFT VENTRICLE pushes blood through AORTIC VALVE into AORTA and out into BODY

Question 2

List the 5 signs of inflammation.

Answer 2

Redness
Pain
Swelling
Heat
Loss of function

Question 3

List the phases of bone healing and describe them.

Answer 3

Inflammation Stage- An immediate vascular response with hematoma formation.

Reparative Stage- Granulation tissue & soft calluses form then the soft calluses are replaced by hard calluses. (6-12 weeks)

Remodeling Stage: Complete restoration of medullary canal (Up to 2yrs)

Question 4

List and define the phases of tissue healing as well as their time frame.

Answer 4

Inflammation: Initial Reaction (1-6 days)
Proliferation: Cells are being reformed and blood flow increases
(3-20 days)
Maturation: Cells mature (Up to 2 years)

Question 5

Define Origin.

Answer 5

The point of attachment that stays stationary.

Question 6

Define Insertion.

Answer 6

The point where the muscle connects to the bone. (Stationary)

Question 7

Define Flexion.

Answer 7

Decreased angle between two bones that converge at a point.

Question 8

Define Abduction.

Answer 8

Movement that draws the limb away from midline.

Question 9

Define Supination.

Answer 9

Forearm and/ or palm of hand faces the front of the body

Question 10

Define Plantarflexion.

Answer 10

Pointing toes/ foot toward the sole of the foot

Question 11

Define Circumduction.

Answer 11

The movement of an extremity in a circular motion.

Question 12

What are the divisions of the human skeleton?

Answer 12

Axial

Appendicular

Question 13

Define Sprain.

Answer 13

A result of a twist or wrench of a ligament.

Question 14

Define Strain.

Answer 14

When a muscle is over stretched or torn.

Question 15

Define Dislocation.

Answer 15

A displacement of a bone from it’s original location.

Question 16

Define Contusion.

Answer 16

An injury to the body that does not cause a break in the skin.

Question 17

List the divisions of the brain.

Answer 17

Cerebellum
Brainstem
Cerebrum
Diencephalon

Question 18

Name the 3 menages covering the spinal cord.

Answer 18

Dura Mater
Pia Mater
Arachnoid Mater

Question 19

What is the function of the following nerve cells and what direction do they transmit impulses?

Answer 19

Sensory Neurons: Responsible for converting external stimuli into internal electrical impulses. (From Sensory receptors to CNS)

Motor Neurons: Nerve cells within the CNS that control muscle movement.(From CNS to muscles, glands and other effector tissue)

Interneurons: Any neuron between the primary sensory neuron and the final motoneuron. (Conducts impulses to/from nerve cells.)

Glia Cells: Neural cells that have a connective-tissue-supporting function in the CNS. (Doesn’t transmit impulses)

Question 20

Define an Ischemic Stroke:

Answer 20

Blood flow to part of the brain is decreased leading toa dysfunction of that part of the brain.

Question 21

Define Hemorrhagic Strokes.

Answer 21

Result of a ruptured vessel or an abnormal vascular structure.