Process Strategy Flashcards
performs in one location all the operations necessary for a specific model.
work cells
harley groups production of parts that require similar parts together
work cells
it uses infrared sensor to verify the bin from which the operator is taking part
“Light Curtain” technology
materials go to the assembly line in a just in time basis
Material as Needed (MAN) system
an organizations approach to transforming resources into goods and services
Process (or transformation) strategy
its objective is to build a production process that meets customer requirements and product specifications within cost and other managerial constraints
Process (or transformation) strategy
A production facility organized around processes to facilitate low-volume, high variety production
Process focus or Job Shops
Facilities are organized around specific activities or processes, and process focused in terms of equipment, layout and supervision
Process focus or Job Shops
Provides high level of product flexibility as products move between processes
Process focus or Job Shops
consequently they are called intermittent processes
Process focus or Job Shops
A product-oriented production process that uses modules
Repetitive Focus
These are parts or components previously prepared, often in a continuous process
Modules
classic assembly line
Repetitive focus
it has more structure and consequently less flexibility than a process-focusedfacility
Repetitive focus
widely used assembly of virtually all automobiles and household appliances
Repetitive Focus
A facility organized around products
Product Focus
product oriented, high volume, low variety process
Product Focus
also called continuous processes
Product Focus
rapid, low-cost production that fulfill increasingly unique customerdesires
Mass customization focus
operations managers use this to produce vast array of goods and services
Mass customization focus
combines the flexibility of a process focus with the efficiency of a product focus
Mass customization focus
Suggest a high-volume system in which products are built to order
Mass customization
means producing customer orders, not forecasts
Built-to-order (BTO)
Chart of costs at the possible volumes for more than one process
Crossover Chart
Compare by looking at the point where the total cost of the processes changes
Crossover chart
the focus that comes with specialization contributes to efficiency
Focused Processes
Focus can be …
Customers
products
service
technology
changing the production system from one process model to another
Changing processes
This critical decision must be done right the first time
changing processes
A schematic or drawing of the movement of material, product or people
Flowchart
Modified flowchart with time added on the horizontal axis.
Time-Function mapping
Use symbols, time, and distance to provide an objective and structured way to analyze and record activities that make up a process
Process Charts
A variation of time-function mapping however it takes an expanded look at where the value added (and not added) in the entire production process.
Value-Stream Mapping
A process analysis technique that focuses on the customer and provider’s interaction with the customer
service blueprinting
represents the degree to which the customer can intervene in the service process
Customer Interaction
refers to the need and ability to alter the service in order to satisfy the individual customer’s particular preference.
Customization
A classification matrix of service industry firms based on the characteristics of the individual firms’s service process
Service Process Matrix
Service process matrix is derived by ____ and first appeared in____
Roger Schmenner
1986
Four quadrants of service process matrix
I
II
III
IV
Professional service
Mass service
Service factory
service shops
Quadrants variables
Horizontal axis
Vertical axis
Degree of customization
Degree of labor
an integral part of many service processes, particularly in retailing, dining and banking
Layout Design
it can enhance the dining experience in restaurants as it provide an effective flow between bar. kitchen and dining area
Layout
it provides not only product exposure in retailing but also customer education and provide enhancement
Layout
provides security in banks as well as workflow and personal comfort
Layout
Provides continuing opportunity for winning orders
Layout
Issues of recruiting and training can be particularly important ingredient in service processes
Human Resource
A committed workforce that exhibits flexibility when schedules are made and its cross trained to fit in when the process requires less than a full time person
Human Resource
Ability to respond with little penalty in time, cost, or customer value
Flexibility
Advantage in technology that enhances production and productivity have a wide range of applications in both manufacturing and service
Production technology
9 technologies that can improve employee safety,product quality and productivity
- machine technology
- Automatic Identification system (AIS)
- Process control
- vision systems
- robots
- automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS)
- automated guided vehicles (AGV)
- Flexible manufacturing systems (fms)
- computer integrated manufacturing (cim)
Machines of the 21st century are often times more productive than that of previous generations while being smarter and using less power
Machine Technology
Helps us move data into electronic forms, where it is easily manipulated
Automatic Identification Systems (AIS)
integrated circuitry with its own tiny antennas that uses radio waves to send signals a limited range usually a matter of yards
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Provides unique identification that enables the tracking and monitoring or parts, pallets, people and pets virtually everything that moves
RFID tags (RFID circuits)
use of information technology to monitor and control a physical process
Process Control
combine videos and computer technology and are often used in inspection roles
Vision Systems
are mechanical devices that use electronic impulses to activate motors and switches
Robots
provide for the automatic placement and withdrawal of parts and products intro and from designated places in the warehouse
Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS)
Are electronically guided and controlled carts used in manufacturing to move parts and equipment
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)
both the material handling devices and the machines themselves are controlled by easily changed electronic signals (computer programs)
Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)
when capability is integrated with the inventory control, warehousing, and shipping as a part of a flexible manufacturing system
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Playing an increasingly important role in the field of service marketing, enabling both customers and employees to get and provide customized service
Technology
other term for process redesign
process reengineering
fundamental rethinking of business processes to bring about dramatic improvements in performance
process redesign
its effectivity relies on reevaluating the purpose of the process and questioning both purpose and underlying assumptions
Process Redesign
This only works if the basic process and its objectives are eexamined
Process Redesign
4Rs of sustainability
Resources
Recycling
Regulations
Reputations
three things that can be done with wastes
Burn it
Bury it
Reuse it
begins at design by specifying products and components that have recycle potential
Recycling
This puts special pressure on using human, financial and materials in a sustainable way
Resources
Affecting transportation, wastes, and noise are proliferating and can be as much of a challenge as reducing resource use
Laws and Regulations
another sustainability issue which is a measurement of greenhouse gases for which international regulation is pending
Carbon Footprint
society is increasingly transparent, and both good and bad news travel rapidly
Reputation
Machinery with its own computer and memory
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machinery
