Process of memory

Question 1

Define memory

Answer 1

Is defined as the storage (retention) and retrieval of information that is acquired through learning.

Question 2

What is encoding

Answer 2

Refers to the purpose of putting information into a form that will allow it to be stored.

Question 3

What is storage?

Answer 3

Refers to the process of keeping information in our brains for a long period of time.

Question 4

What is retrieval?

Answer 4

Process of getting information back from memory.

Question 5

Factors influencing ability and inability to remember

What are the two rehearsals?

Answer 5

Maintenance and Elaborative Rehearsal.

Question 6

Factors influencing ability and inability to remember

Define Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 6

Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information that is to be remembered over and over again to “maintain” it within STM.

MR helps to increase the limited duration of STM

Question 7

Factors influencing ability and inability to remember

Define Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 7

ER is a process by which we give meaning to information by linking it to previously stored information or information that is already stored in the LTM relating to our real world and real life.

We are more likely to better store and effectively retrieve information when we use ER to process that information, compared to MR. ER is an example of deep-level processing at work.

Question 8

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

What is sensory memory?

Answer 8

Sensory memory is the entry point for information into memory. We have a sensory store for each of our five senses.

Question 9

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

(Sensory information) Iconic memory,

• Duration?
• Capacity?
• Form?

Answer 9

• 1/3 of a second
• All objects in the visual field
• Raw visual image

Question 10

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

What is short-term memory?

• Duration?
• Capacity?
• Form?

Answer 10

Type of memory involving limited capacity and temporary storage information.

18 to 30 seconds, if not rehearsed
Limited to 7±2 items
Very verbal

Question 11

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

What is long-term memory?

• Duration?
• Capacity?
• Form?

Answer 11

A relatively permanent memory system that holds vast amounts of information for a long period of time.

May be unlimited
May be unlimited
Elaborative, according to meaning

Question 12

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

(Long-term memory)
What is procedural memory?

What is implicit memories?

Answer 12

Memory of actions and skills that have been learnt previously.

Information you remember unconsciously and effortlessly.

Question 13

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

(Long-term memory)
What is declarative memory?

What is explicit memories?

Answer 13

Memory of specific facts, events, or general knowledge that can be brought consciously to mind.
Information you have to consciously work to remember.

Question 14

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

(Declarative memory)
What is episodic memory?

What is semantic memory?

Answer 14

Holds information about specific events or personal experiences.

Stores information we have about the world.

Question 15

Atkinson–Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory

(Sensory information) Echoic memory,

• Duration?
• Capacity?
• Form?

Answer 15

• Lasts 3 to 4 seconds
• Unlimited
• Raw sounds of speech, nature, etc.