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2nd Year Instrumentation > Process Equipment And Energy Systems > Flashcards

Process Equipment And Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

This is ? DA or RA ?

A

Fail open valve
Air 2 close
RA

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2
Q

This is ? DA or RA?

A

Fail close
Air to open
DA

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3
Q

This is

A

Fail locked

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4
Q

This is

A

Fail locked

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5
Q

This is

A

Fail at last position/ drift open

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6
Q

This is

A

Fail at last position/ drift closed

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7
Q

This is

A

A steam traced line

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8
Q

This is

A

Current to pneumatic

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9
Q

This is a

A

Bellows spring opposed actuator

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10
Q

This is a

A

Rotary piston actuator with positioner

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11
Q

This is a

A

Rotary piston actuator
May be single or double spring

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12
Q

This is a

A

Linear piston actuator with positioner

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13
Q

This is a

A

Linear piston actuator
Can be single acting spring opposed
Double acting

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14
Q

This is a

A

Pressure balanced diaphragm actuator

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15
Q

This is a

A

Spring diaphragm actuator with positioner

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16
Q

This is a

A

Generic actuator
Spring-diaphram actuator

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17
Q

This is a

A

Single acting recip compressor

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18
Q

This is a

A

Double acting reciprocating compressor

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19
Q

This is a

A

Diaphragm compressor

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20
Q

This is a

A

Dual rotor screw compressor

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21
Q

This is a

A

Single rotor screw compressor

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22
Q

This is a

A

2 lobe blower

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23
Q

This is a

A

3 lobe blower

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24
Q

This is a

A

Centrifugal compressor

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25
Q

In a centrifugal pump surge is:

A

Discharge pressure is too high and causes back pressure through the compressor

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26
Q

Centrifugal compressor choke is

A

If the velocity of the gas exceeds the speed of doing it can choke/ stonewall a comp. Often occurs at high flow low pressure applications

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27
Q

What is compressor ratio?

A

Discharge pressure/ suction pressure

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28
Q

What is a prime mover on a compressor?

A

Motor of various types

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29
Q

Comp pressure control type?

A

Suction throttling

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30
Q

Comp pressure control type

A

Discharge throttling

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31
Q

Comp pressure control type

A

Guide Vanessa control

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32
Q

2 types of pumps

A

Reciprocating: piston
Rotary : spin either direction

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33
Q

3 strategies to avoid over pressure in compressors

A
  • VFD
  • bypass to tank line with backpressure regulator
  • internal/built in ( length of stroke)
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34
Q

These are

A

Centrifugal pump

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35
Q

A centrifugal pump works on what principle

A

Converting kinetic energy to pressure energy

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36
Q

_____ must be greater than ______ to prevent cavitation

A

NPSHa , NPSHr

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37
Q

This is? Best for?

A

Compression jaw crusher.
Large rocks

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38
Q

This is ? Best for

A

Attrition gyrator
Grinding rock fines
Produces more material in a given time

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39
Q

A 2 phase separator ( vessels)

A

Separates oil and gas

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40
Q

A 3 phase separator vessel ?

A

Separates oil / water / gas

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41
Q

A cyclone separator is good for?

A

A gaseous stream that contains solids ie air with wood chips n dust

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42
Q

A centrifuge:

A

Separates liquids and suspended solids or imiscible liquids ( liquids that can’t be blended)

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43
Q

Separation by floatation works:

A

A slurry of different solid or semi solids in a vessel.
Air bubbles from the bottom
Some of the solids are carried to the surface by the bubbles

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44
Q

Filtration is?

A

Separates solids from a liquid or gaseous stream

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45
Q

Electrostatic precips ? 90% efficient for?

A

-Particles given - charge by 1st electrodes
- fly by 2nd that are + charged plates and stick there
Fly ash
-

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46
Q

What type of product consistency does grinding produce

A

A fine powder

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47
Q

What type of crushing action is used with a Bradford breaker?

A

Impact gravity crushing

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48
Q

Why is water often added to the charge feeding a ball mill

A

Cools the mill and moves finer material to exit

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49
Q

Def granulation

A

Formation of irregular clusters of material . Occurs from being pressed together with rollers

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50
Q

A screening system can sort to how many grades?

A

of screens + 1

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51
Q

2 conditions that can blind a screen

A

Wet material
Partickes close to same size as screen holes

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52
Q

What type of separator uses centrifugal force and has no moving parts

A

Cyclone separator

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53
Q

What removes particles from the electrode plate in a precipitator?

A

A rapper

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54
Q

What does a good static mixer do?

A

Creates max turbulence with min pressure drop

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55
Q

What flow direction is created by a radial impeller?

A

Perpendicular to direction of shaft

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56
Q

Flow direction of an axial impeller

A

Parallel to direction of shaft

57
Q

A double spiral impeller is used for

A

Very viscous mixed

58
Q

This is for?

A

Thermal conductivity of insulation

59
Q

If there is a choice which of 2 fluids should be run inside heat exchangers? Why?

A

The fluid that has the highest tendency to foul the tubes. Its easier to clean the pipes out

60
Q

Heat exchangers : co current flow?

A

Fluids flow on same direction

61
Q

Heat exchangers: counter current flow?

A

Fluids flow in opposite directions?

62
Q

Whats the process for tube cleaning in u shell and tube heat exchangers?

A

Chemically cleaned. If that doesn’t work tube bundle must be removed

63
Q

Why does a shell heat exchanger have a floating head?

A

The tubes inside expand and contract

64
Q

What are 2 common methods for cooling water using evaporation?

A
  • spray ponds
  • cooling towers
65
Q

What are the 2 classifications of condensers?

A

-Surface condensers
- direct contact

66
Q

This is a

A

U tube heat exchanger

67
Q

This is a

A

Forced draft cooling tower

68
Q

This is a

A

Induced draft cooling tower

69
Q

This is a

A

Cooling tower

70
Q

This is a

A

Hyperbolic natural draft cooling tower

71
Q

What does a condenser do?

A

Condenses vapor to liquid by removing latent heat

72
Q

Surface condensers?

A

Coolant doesn’t contact vapor or condensate

73
Q

Direct condensers:

A

Coolant, vapor and condensate are in contact

74
Q

What kind of condenser is used in power plants

A

Surface condensers are usually used on steam from turbines

75
Q

2 most common methods of dehumidification

A
  • compression followed by refrigeration
  • desiccants to absorb moisture
76
Q

Direct heat drying

A

Heat is supplied by a carrier gas over or through yhe drying solids

77
Q

Indirect heat:

A

Separates heat source from solids using heat conducting barrier

78
Q

____ ____ suitable for handling a wet feed on a continuous base

A

Rotary dryers

79
Q

Def sublimation

A

When a solid changes directly to a vapor

80
Q

Vacuum tray dryer used for?

A

Good for heat sensitive materials like powdered milk

81
Q

Cocurrent feed

A

Rotary and heated air move in the same direction

82
Q

Counter current feed

A

Rotary and heated air move opposite direction

83
Q

Spray dryer

A

Atomizes solutions that can be pumped then enters a cyclone where powder separates from feed

84
Q

Drum dryer works

A

Drys on the outside then scraped off

85
Q

CN you use boiler steam for humidification?

A

No it contains descalers

86
Q

3 methods of dehumidification

A
  • compression and refrigeration
  • desiccant beds
  • deliquesent beds
87
Q

Dew point def:

A

The temp @ which the air or gas can no longer hold water vapor

88
Q

____ desiccant dissolves from tablets to liquid

A

Deliquescent

89
Q

Def adsorbtion

A

Liquid or gas accumulates on the surface

90
Q

Def absorption

A

Absorbing material draws other material into it

91
Q

Def desorbtion

A

Release of 1 substance from another

92
Q

What happens if silica gel and h20 mix

A

The gel fractures

93
Q

A GDU

A

Uses glycol ( usually TEG) to remove water from natural gas

94
Q

Most desiccant systems have 2 or more vessels because

A

They alternate between drying and regen functions

95
Q

In a distillation tower what is packing?

A

Shaped objects used instead of trays

96
Q

What can flooding trays do

A

Too much reflux which causes vapor excessive pressure. This shoots out the top “ puking the tower”

97
Q

A is? Does?

A

Distillation tower. Separates the feed in several steps

98
Q

D is? Does

A

The reboiler Supplies the energy to vaporize the feed

99
Q

B is? Does?

A

The condenser. It converts the vapor from the top of the tower to liquid

100
Q

C is? Does

A

The reflux drum. Stores condensed distillate and returns a portion to the tower as reflux

101
Q

Def distillation:

A

Group of methods that use heat to separate components of a liquid mix

102
Q

2 types of distillation, each used when?

A
  • fractional : when boiling points of the different materials are close
  • simple : when boiling points are significantly different
103
Q

Def vapor pressure

A

Pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form ( temp dependant)

104
Q

Def boiling point

A

Temp at which vapor pressure exceeds pressure surrounding it

105
Q

Def bubble point

A

Point at which a mixture of 2 or more materials forms vapor bubbles

106
Q

Def volatility

A

Indicates the tendency of a liquid to change into vapor

107
Q

SAMA drawings used for? Detailed

A

Usually boiler controlled
Much more than ISA

108
Q

Single stage screw compressors deliver to psig
Lobe blowers?
Cycloidial?

A

100 to 175
10 to 15
20 to 50

109
Q

Pressure reciprocating compressors are good to?

A

In excess of 20000 psig

110
Q
A
111
Q
A
112
Q

Fire tube boilers :

A

Fire/ heat in the tubes run through water

113
Q

Water tube boiler:

A

Tubes filled with water run through heat chamber

114
Q

Boiler : a is

A

Boiler/steam drum

115
Q

Boiler : b is

A

Downcomer. Returns water n sludge to mud drum

116
Q

Boiler : c is

A

Lower / mud drum

117
Q

Boiler : d is

A

Riser

118
Q

Where is most of the water in a boiler?

A

The tubes

119
Q

How do you remove scale n junk from the mud drum

A

Intermittent blow down

120
Q

The boiler steam drum

A
  • separates steam from boiler
  • provides circulation of boiler water
  • preheat the boiler feed water
    -provides dryest possible steam
121
Q

2 types of super heaters

A

Integral or separately fired

122
Q

What does a super heater do

A

Keeps temp up as steam distributes through the system

123
Q

Attemperator :

A

Control temp of the steam after it leaves the super heater

124
Q

Consequences of substandard feed water :

A
  • scale build up
  • CO and O2 cases corrosion
  • fouled tubes prevent water flow
  • caustic embrillment
125
Q

Economizer

A

Transfers low grade heat to feed water that would normally go up the stack

126
Q

Super critical boilers :

A

Over 375 degrees c and 3200 psia
Combines vapor n water to 1 fluid
Mostly used in elec production

127
Q

Boiler : plant master

A

Plant steam pressure controller

128
Q

Boiler master:

A

Auto/manual transfer switch with biasing

129
Q

Boiler Single element contol

A

Controls feed water based on drum kevel

130
Q

Boiler : 2 element control

A

Controls steam flow and drum water level

131
Q

Boiler 3 element control

A

Controls steam flow, feed water flow and drum water level

132
Q

Boiler blowdown control

A

A certain amount of water is discharged into a blowdown tank to remove contamination

133
Q

Optimum air mixture

A

Some unburnt O2 and fuel. Typically 200 ppm and 1% excess oxygen

134
Q

Boiler cross limiting

A

Prevents excess fuel in the boiler caused by sudden changes in boiler load

135
Q

Boiler purge

A

Ensure there is no eexplosive gas in the boiler

136
Q

Boiler : SSOV

A

Safety shut off valve

137
Q

Boiler : 2 sections of direct fired heater

A

Furnace
Heat exchanger

138
Q

Boiler :2 types of tubes in a direct fired heater

A

Radiant tubes get heat from flame
Convection tubes higher up and get heat from gasses

2nd Year Instrumentation (8 decks)

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