Process Design

Question 1

refers to deciding on the way production of goods and services will be organized and it has a major implications for planning, layout of facilities, equipment and design of work systems.

Answer 1

Process Selection

Question 2

is a group of related tasks with specific inputs and outputs.

Answer 2

Process

Question 3

exist to create value for the customer, the shareholder, or society.

Answer 3

Process

Question 4

The extent to which the firm will produce the inputs and control the outputs of each stage of the production process.

Answer 4

Vertical Integration

Question 5

The mix of capital (i.e., equipment, automation) and labor
resources used in the production process.

Answer 5

Capital Intensity

Question 6

The ease with which resources can be adjusted in response to changes in demand, technology, products or services, and resource availability.

Answer 6

Process Flexibility

Question 7

The role of the customer in the production process.

Answer 7

Customer Involvement

Question 8

A one-time event, such as construction of an apartment building, implementation of a new ERP system, or writing a book, would all be considered a project type of process.

Answer 8

Project

Question 9

Each of these projects have a high degree of customization, substantial use of resources, and a complex set of related activities.

Answer 9

Project

Question 10

There is only a single output at the end of the project

Answer 10

Project

Question 11

Some businesses are in the situation where they make groups of identical products on a regular basis.

Answer 11

Batch

Question 12

will progress through a set of steps to be completed from the start to the end

Answer 12

Batch

Question 13

his type of processing is also intermittent. (start, stop, start)

Answer 13

Batch

Question 14

There is less variety in this type of business (compared to a job shop) and the equipment used will be relatively general purpose and suited to the industry that they are in.

Answer 14

Batch

Question 15

Employees need to be skilled and experienced at operating that equipment and producing these products

Answer 15

Batch

Question 16

Examples of products made using these production are baked goods, aircraft parts, clothing, and vaccines

Answer 16

Batch

Question 17

This is most commonly used when the product being produced is unique for each customer.

Answer 17

Job shop

Question 18

It is a make-to-order type of business where production is intermittent (i.e. rather than one entire product being completed at a time, work will continue on multiple products as time permits).

Answer 18

Job shop

Question 19

Often the product has unique characteristics for each customer. The workers in this type of business are very highly skilled in their craft or trade. Often they are referred to as craftsmen or makers.

Answer 19

Job shop

Question 20

This type of business produces products that are more standardized in nature. Usually the output is high. Since the goods are quite standardized, the equipment used tends to be quite specialized and often highly customized for that process. The skill level of the employees is usually low because the steps are highly standardized.

Answer 20

Repetitive

Question 21

The equipment used is quite general purpose. Examples include a small bakery that produces beautiful custom wedding cakes, or a business that makes custom guitars or bicycles based on the customers measurements and preferences of materials and components.

Answer 21

Job shop

Question 22

Although these types of jobs may not require a trade or extensive experience, they often do require skills such as multi-tasking, concentration, problem solving, and teamwork. Often, these processes use flexible automation that allows for customization such as the addition of upgraded features.

Answer 22

Repetitive

Question 23

Examples of a repetitive process include assembly lines such as assembling automobiles or electronics, a carwash, or a cafeteria line.

Answer 23

Repetitive

Question 24

is when a very high volume of standardized product is produced. The type of product being made is described as non-discrete.

Answer 24

Continuous

Question 25

This means that these businesses do not produce individual products, rather a product that is often a liquid or a product such as sugar, gasoline, or steel. An example of this type of process is an oil refinery. There are not separate individual workstations, rather the product flows from one step to the next within the system

Answer 25

Continuous

Question 26

The equipment in this type of process is highly complex and designed solely for that product at that facility. There are very few workers except for those that are responsible for process monitoring, maintenance, and cleaning.

Answer 26

Continuous

Question 27

is the systematic examination of all aspects of a process to improve its operation—to make it faster, more efficient, less costly, or more responsive to the customer.

Answer 27

Process Analysis

Question 28

When continual improvement efforts have been exhausted and performance expectations still cannot be reached with an existing process, it is time to completely redesign or innovate the process.

Answer 28

Process Innovation

Question 29

are typically chartered in response to a breakthrough goal for rapid, dramatic improvement in process performance.

Answer 29

Process Innovation

Question 30

refers to the way in which organizations position their equipment, departments, or workcentres.

Answer 30

Layout

Question 31

can streamline production activities, eliminate wasted or redundant movement and improve safety.

Answer 31

Layout

Question 32

Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow. Equipment, tools and machines are located to how product is made. Departments are dedicated to produce a part of the product.

Answer 32

Product Layout

Question 33

Layout that can handle varied processing requirements. Service like hospitals, departments are arranged by on their functions.

Answer 33

Process Layout

Question 34

Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed

Answer 34

Fixed Position Layout

Question 35

In 2020 office spaces are a great deal different than in generations past. Floor space per employee has dropped significantly. There is far less worry about the flow of paperwork than in the past. Often employees are grouped according to the tasks they perform and the work teams they participate in. Workspaces now tend to be more flexible with less paper and less furniture to hold files and documents. Many organizations put more emphasis on having comfortable spaces for collaboration. Layouts are much more open concept with lower partitions to improve visibility of the workspace

Answer 35

Office layout

Question 36

The overall goal when laying out a retail location is to try and maximize the amount of sales per square foot in the facility. This is done by careful study of traffic patterns in the store in order to try and maximize the amount of product to which each customer is exposed. That is why you will often find the milk at the far end of the store causing customers the need to walk past all other departments to reach it.

Answer 36

Retail layout

Question 37

Effective warehouse layout aims to make effective use of the total volume of space contained in the building. The relationship between the receipt of incoming goods, the storage space and the picking, packing and shipping of outbound goods is carefully analyzed. An important consideration is the placement of inventory items in order to minimize distance goods and employees are need to travel. Many warehouses have special holding requirements such as freezers, cold storage and high security areas.

Answer 37

Warehouse layout