Process and reliability of memory Flashcards
Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model
Sensory, short-term and long-term memory
Sensory memeory
Function, capacity and duration + iconic/echoic memory
Potentially unlimited capacity
0.2-4 second duration
iconic memory = 0.2-0.4 seconds
echoic memory = 3-4 seconds
STM
function, capacity, duration
Receives info from sensory memory and transfers it to and from LTM.
7+-2 pieces of info
18-30 seconds
LTM
function, capacity, duration + subtypes
Info storage for use at a later time
Potentially unlimited capacity
potentially permanent duration
Explicit (awareness)
- semantic (facts and knowledge)
- episodic (personal experiences and events)
Implicit (unaware)
- procedural (motor skills and actions)
- classically conditioned memory
4 Brain regions involved in LTM
Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cerebral cortex, Cerebellum
Cerebral Cortex
Permanent storage of explicit memories
Hippocampus
Consolidates explicit memories (transfers to cerebral cortex for long term storage)
Amygdala
Classically conditioned fear responses
Cerebellum
temporary storage of procedural memories.
3 methods of memory retrieval
Recall, Recognition, Relearning, Retrieval
Anterograde amnesia
Loss of memories after the trauma occured, so they cannot form or store new LTM.
Brain surgery
removal of hippocampus, amygdala, medial temporal lobes.
Could not form new explicit memories.
Alzheimer’s
what is it, types of memory loss, brain damage
dementia, gradual, widespread degeneration of brain neurons, progressively causing memory decline, decline of social/cognitive skills and personality changes.
past explicit memories (retrograde)
new memories (anterograde)
amyloid plaques (beta amyloid protein)
neurofibrillary tangles (tau protein)
these affect communication between neurons and kills cells
Context and state dependant cues
retrieval cue
context cues = environmental cues in a specific situation where a memory was formed that help access the memories formed in that context.
State cues = internal physiological/psychological state at time memory was formed helps access them.
maintenance and elaborative rehearsal
maintenance: repeating info so it can retained in STM, increases duration BUT can be interrupted
elaborative: linking new info in a meaningful way info already stored in LTM to aid storage/retrieval. better encoding,
primacy and recency effect
primacy is superior recall of items at the beginning of a list. (LTM from more attention/rehearsal)
recency is superior recall of items at the end of a list. (STM)
