Procedures Flashcards
location of the greater trochanter
level of symphysis pubis
location of the mastoid process
C1
location of the ASIS
S1
location of the thyroid cartilage
C4-C5
location of the iliac crest
L4-5
location of the vertebral prominens
C7
location of the umbilicus
L3-4
location of the sternal (jugular) notch
T2-3
location of the lower costal margin
L1-2
location of the sternal angle
T4-5
location of the xiphoid process
T10
location of the inferior angle of the scapula
T7
angle for Towne
30 caudal
what does Towne demonstrate
base of the skull (occipital / posterior region)
which skull projection shows the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process projected within the foramen magnum
AP axial Towne
Caldwell angulation
15 caudal
which projection demonstrates the petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbits
PA axial Caldwell
which skull projection will have the petrous ridges filling the orbits
PA
parietoacantial projection is also known as
Waters
angle for Towne at IOML
37 degrees caudal
CR enters where for lateral skull
2 inches superior to EAM
where does CR exit for PA axial skull
nasion
what is parallel with IR for SMV
IOML
for parietoacanthial projection the OML forms a ___ degree with the IR
37 degree
where does CR exit for parietoacanthial projection
acanthion
where are petrous ridges for parietoacanthial projection
completely inferior to the maxillary sinuses
for modified parietoacanthial projection the OML forms a ___ degree with the IR
55 degree
what is used to display a blowout fracture of the orbits
modified parietoacanthial
what is affected by a blowout fracture of the orbit
inferior margin
CR angle for axiolateral oblique of mangible
25 degrees cephalic
what does parietoacanthial display for nasal bones
bony nasal septum and roof of nasal cavity
PA axial paranasal sinuses will show
frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses
which sinus projection will show all 4 sets of sinuses at once
lateral
parietoacanthial for sinuses will demonstrate
maxillary sinus
open mouth parietoacanthial will demonstrate
sphenoid sinus through the open mouth
angle for AP axial C spine
15-20 cephalic to level of C4
which 2 obliques best demonstrate the left cervical intervertebral foramina
LAO and RPO
which 2 obliques best demonstrate the right cervical intervertebral foramina
RAO and LPO
lateral cervicothoracic projection is also known as
swimmers
best projection to demonstrate cervical ribs
AP T spine
if breathing technique is not used for lateral T spine, how should exposure breathing be taken
end of expiration
what does lateral T spine demonstrate
vertebral bodies, intervertebral joints, intervertebral foramina
exams that use breathing technique
lateral T spine, RAO sternum, AP scapula, transthoracic humeral head (Lawrence method), lateral soft tissue neck
AP or PA scoliosis series is also known as
Ferguson method
scoliosis is an abnormal _____ curvature of the spine
lateral
where does CR enter for AP PA L spine
L4-5
forward displacement of 1 vertebrae on top of another vertebrae
spondylolysthesis
what does L5-S1 spot demonstrate
spondylolisthesis
best view to demonstrate spondylolisthesis
L5-S1 spot
average male angle for L5-S1 spot
3-5 caudal
average female angle L5-S1 spot
5-8 caudal
ear of scotty dog represents
superior articular process
eye of scotty dog represents
pedicle
neck of scotty dog represents
pars interarticularis
nose of scotty dog represents
transverse process
leg of scotty dog represents
inferior articular process
where to inject for myelogram
subarachnoid space
how is the injection done for myelogram
intrathecal
intrathecal meaning
within the spinal canal
at what level is injection made for myelogram
L3-4 interspace
lower border of L1 is known as
conusmedullaris
for a cervical myelogram what level do you inject
C1 C2 interspace
primary pathology of myelogram is
herniated nucleus puposus (slipped disk)
degree of oblique for CI joints
25-30 side of interest up
CR enters where for oblique SI joint
1 inch medial and 1.5 inch distal to upside ASIS
how to rotate foot for AP hip
foot and leg internally rotated 15 degrees
CR enters where for AP hip
a point 2.5 inches distal to the midpoint of line drawn from pubis symphisis to ASIS
how many degrees from vertical is leg abducted for modified cleaves
40-45 from vertical
what to do when AP pelvis shows lesser trochanters
rotate feet inward 15-20 degrees toward midline
what bears the weight of the body when a patient is seated
ishial tuberosity
where is CR directed for AP pelvis
2 inches superior to symphysis pubis
male CR for outlet
20-35 cephalic and 2 in distal to superior border of symphysis pubis
female CR for outlet
30-45 cephalic and 2 in distal to the superior border of symphysis pubis
for Judet, affected side down is for
fractures
for Judet, affected side up is for
dislocation
which ribs should be shown for full inspiration of chest AP or PA
9-10 posterior ribs
purpose of AP lordotic chest
show apices of the lungs without superimposition of the clavicles
angle for lordotic chest
15-20 cephalic
ET tube should not extend past the
carina
at what level does the carina bifurcate
T5
how far superior should ET tube stop above carina
2 inches or 5 cm superior to carina
lower ribs CR enters where
T10
AP oblique ribs show axillary portion ____ to the IR
closest
PA oblique ribs show axillary portion ____ to the IR
farthest
RAO body oblique
15-20
SID for RAO sternum
30 in
CR for RAO sternum
2-3 inches to the left of the spine
hyperstenic patient less or more oblique for RAO sternum
less oblique
what is the purpose of performing the sternum in the RAO position
trying to project the sternum through the homogeneous heart shadow
what is used to move the bowels during soft tissue neck
valsalva maneuver
reasons for performing the valsalva maneuver
hiatal hernia, esophogeal varices, esophogeal reflux
what is joint is being remonstrated on PA oblique SC joints
affected side down
IR centered where for upright KUB
2-3 inches above iliac crest
what view is used to demonstrate intra peritoneal air
AP upright abdomen
why do you do left side down only for lateral decub abdomen
to show free air under the right hemidiaphragm and not to be confused with any air in the stomach
which position in upper GI will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and the C-loop of the duodenum
RAO
how to demonstrate or rule out hiatal hernia on upper GI
trendelenburg
examples of times examinations
small bowel, IVU
what pathology is best demonstrated by using double contrast BE?
polyp
enema tipping position
Sims
how to direct tip for enema tipping
anteriorly and superiorly
for BE, area of interest on posterior obliques is the side ____ to/from IR
furthest from IR
for BE, area of interest on anterior obliques is the side ____ to/from the IR
closest to the IR
angle for AP axial sigmoid colon
30-40 cephalic
why do you perform the AP or PA axial sigmoid colon
demonstrates the rectosigmoid colon
entrance point for ERCP
duodenal papilla
voiding position for females in VCUG
AP
voiding position for males in VCUG
30 degree RPO
primary reason for doing hysterosalpingography
infertility
oblique rotation for foot
30 degrees
oblique rotation of the toe
30-45 degrees
what is shown on medial oblique of foot
cuboid, lateral cuniform, 4th and 5th metatarsals
what projection demonstrates the joint viability of the feet and the longitudinal arch
lateral weight bearing
how should you perform routine longitudinal arches of the feet (projection)
lateralmedial projection
CR angle for plantodorsal axial calcaneus
40 degrees at the level of the base of the 3rd metatarsal
mortise degree of oblique
15 to 20 internally
mortise is made up of what
open joint space of tibia, fibula, and talus
where can you find trimalleolar fracture
ankle
how to get entire long bone for tib fib
increase SID and rotate IR diagonally
what structures form the knee joint
medial and lateral femoral condyles and medial and lateral tibial condyles
when to use 3-5 caudal angle for AP knee
under 19 cm ASIS to tabletop
when to use perpendicular beam for AP knee
19-24 cm ASIS to tabletop
when to use 3-5 cephalic angle for AP knee
over 24 cm ASIS to tabletop
why use angle for AP knee
CR parallel to tibial plateau
CR enters where for lateral knee
half inch distal to the medial epicondyle
angle for lateral knee
5-7 cephalic
how is knee flexed for lateral knee
20-30 degree flexion
degree of oblique for oblique knee
45 degrees
what does medial oblique knee demonstrate
open proximal tibiofibular joint space without superimposition
patient is kneeling on all fours method for ICF
Homblad
patient is lying prone method for ICF
camp coventry
CR is perpendicular to what for ICF
lower leg
what does lateral patella demonstrate
transverse fractures
what does settegast or merchant demonstrate
vertical fracture of patella
what methods are considered tangential projections of patella
merchant and settegast
tangential projection of the patella will best demonstrate what
vertical fractures of the patella
do not attempt tangential knee until you rule out which fracture
transverse fracture of the patella
how does 1st digit sit for PA hand
medial oblique
how is hand positioned for PA wrist
pronated with flexed fingers to reduce OID
any view for the scaphoid, the hand must be placed
ulnar deviation
angle for stetcher
20 degrees
what is the name of the nerve that causes pain in carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve
why is AP preferred for forearm
prevent the superimposition of proximal radius and ulna
what part of the distal humerus articulates with the ulna
trochlea
what part of the distal humerus articulates with the radius
capitulum
acronym for elbow articulations
U R
Too Cute
what is in profile in a lateral elbow
olecranon process
which view will best demonstrate fat pad displacement of elbow
lateral
what view will demonstrate the olecranon and coronoid processes of the elbow
medial internal oblique
AP projection of the humerus, what will be in profile
greater tubercle in profile laterally
lateral projection of the humerus, what will be in profile
lesser tubercle in profile medially
on a Y, if the humeral head sits below the coracoid it is a ____ dislocation
anterior
on a Y, if the humeral head sits below the acromium it is a ____ dislocation
posterior
lawrence method is also known as the
transthoracic lateral humeral head
where is CR directed for lawrence method
surgical neck of the affected humerus
what will internal shoulder rotation display in profile
lesser tubercle in profile medially
what will external shoulder rotation display in profile
greater tubercle in profile laterally
rotation for Grashey
35-45 toward the affected side
how is hand positioned for AP scapula
supinated
how is arm positioned for AP scapula
abducted to form right angle with chest
where does CR enter for shoulder AP
1 inch inferior to coracoid process
angle for AP axial clavicle
15-30 cephalic
what is pearson method used for
AC joints
