Patient Care Flashcards
A high risk procedure (written) would be one in which
IV iodinated contrast is used
Is a BE considered a high risk or low risk procedure?
Low risk
What is another name for IV injection?
Parenteral
Who writes the Patients’ Bill of Rights
American Hospital Association
Right to refuse medical treatment including a radiographic procedure is known as
Autonomy
What type of patient information would be considered subjective?
Perceived by the affected person only
What type of patient information would be considered objective?
Visible, measurable findings obtained by medical exams, tests, or diagnostic imaging
Place the following exams in order that they should be completed: BE, UGI, KUB, IVU
KUB, IVU, BE, UGI
The threat of touching in an injurious manner
Assault
Verbally threatening a patient if he/she does not cooperate for an examination could be considered
Assault
An unlawful touching of a person without consent
Battery
A radiograph taken against a patients will, on the wrong patient, or on the wrong body part could be considered
Battery
When can restraints be used?
When ordered by a physician
4 D’s of negligence
Duty, Deviation from standards of care, Damages, Direct cause
Defamation by writing or printed words
Libel
Defamation by spoken words
Slander
An intentional or unintentional act resulting in injury to a patient
Tort
What is the most common malpractice claim?
Negligence
When a patient is injured due to error caused by the health care provider
Malpractice
7 C’s of malpractice prevention
Competence, compliance, charting, communication, confidentiality, courtesy, carefulness
Knowing and adhering to professional standards
Competence
Complying with procedures and policies of the institutions
Compliance
Completely, consistently, and objectively recording
Charting
With patients, patients relatives, and other health care workers
Communication
Protecting medical information
Confidentiality
Proper attitude and rapport with patients
Courtesy
Take reasonable caution when dealing with patients
Carefulness
Respondeat superior meaning
Let the master answer
Res ipsa loquitur meaning
The thing speaks for itself
Used to prevent unwanted motion artifacts and ensure patient safety during imaging procedures
Positioning aids
Some common positioning aids
Positioning sponges, velcro straps, sandbags, head clamps, pig o stat
Exposure indicators, processing algorithms, brightness, contrast, cropping or masking off anatomy are all considered
Manipulation of electronic data
Standards of ethics were written by
ASRT
Standards of ethics are enforced by
ARRT
Mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all present registered technologists and candidates
Rules of Ethics
Acronym for the 5 stages of grief
DABDA
Responses for patients in denial
Use reflective answers and give support without being unrealistic
Responses for patients in stage of anger
Answers to patient questions should be of a matter of fact nature
Responses for patients in bargaining stage
Directions given to the patient should be clear and simple
Responses to patients in depression stage
Responses should be quiet and supportive
Responses for patients in acceptance
Show a willingness to listen to the patient as they communicate the nature of their loss
IV contrast restrictions dietary
Pre hydration 1 day prior, NPO 1 hour prior, post hydration
Reason for IV contrast dietary restrictions
Decrease burden on kidneys
bit depth of mammo
10, 12, 16
why does mammo have higher patient absorbed dose?
low kVp, high mAs
DEXA meaning
dual energy x-ray absorption
which oxygen device is considered a low flow device
nasal cannula
flow rate of nasal cannula
1-6 L/min of 21%-60% oxygen
oxygen rate of non-rebreather mask
15 L/min
surgical opening cut in the trachea to create an artificial airway
tracheotomy
when a tube is left in the tracheotomy opening, may be connected to a respirator
tracheostomy
meaning of -tomy
incision or cut
meaning of -stomy
when tube is left in opening
closed chest drainage removes fluid or free air from the
pleural cavity (not specifically lungs)
device used to measure a patients blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
device used for auscultation
stethoscope
meaning of ascultation
listening to the heart, lung, or abdominal sounds
normal heart rate of adults
60-100 bpm
normal heart rate of children
90-100
normal heart rate of infants
80-120
when is a patient considered to have tachycardia
greater than 100 bpm
when is a patient considered to have bradycardia
less than 60 bpm
when is a patient considered hypertensive
above 140 mmHg systolic, above 90 mmHg diastolic
when is a patient considered hypotensive
below 95 mmHg systolic, below 60 mmHg diastolic
normal systolic pressure for adults
110-140
normal diastolic pressure for adults
60-80
when to use carotid pulse
when patient is unconscious or unresponsive
when to use radial pulse
when patient is conscious or responsive, common clinical pulse
how is apical pulse taken
auscultated with the stethoscope over the apex of the heart
normal respiratory rate for adults
12-20 per minute
normal respiratory rate for children
30-60 per minute
what to do when you have a patient with abnormal vital signs?
stop procedure, stabilize patient, call for help
device that measures pulse rate and oxygen saturation of blood
pulse oximeter
medical term for rapid breathing
tachypnea
medical term for slow breathing
bradypnea
medical tern for cessation of breathing
apnea
FAST meaning for stroke
Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech slurring, Time to call
name for immobilization device collars
orthotics or othoses
paralysis results from cervical trauma and affects the body from the neck down (all 4 limbs)
quadriplegia
paralysis results from trauma to a lower portion of the spinal column and affects the lower half of the body
paraplegia
paralysis usually results from a stroke and its effects are limited to one side of the body
hemiplegia
how to move long bone fractures
provide support for proximal and distal joints to move extremity as a complete unit
which fracture type is usually pathologic
compressed (spine)
which fracture happens from weight bearing
overriding
which fracture is considered life threatening
compound
common allergic reactions are to
contrast media or latex
how long until irreversible brain damage occurs if proper amount of blood is not delivered to the brain
3-5 minutes
how to avoid excessive ventilation?
give enough breath to see the chest rise
First step to using AED?
Turn it on
compression rate for CPR
100-120 per minute
compression to ventilation ratio for adults
30:2 for both 1 and 2 rescuers
compression to ventilation ratio for children
30:2 for 1 rescuer, 15:2 for 2 rescuers
compression to ventilation ratio for infants
30:2 for 1 rescuer, 15:2 for 2 rescuers
how often to rotate compressors in CPR
every 2 minutes
most common medical emergency encountered by technologists
syncope (fainting)
non convulsive seizure that may not be apparent to the radiographer
petite mal
major motor seizure
grand mal, also known as tonic-clonic
strong pulsating volume of blood exiting a wound site
arterial blood
lower volume with less forceful pulsing of blood flow from wound site
venous blood
faint or lightheaded feeling of patients that have been recumbent for an extended period of time and are then suddenly moved into an upright position
orthostatic hypotension
what to do for patient with orthostatic hypotension
trendelenburg
medical tern for difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
dyspnea
an inhaler is a
bronchodilators
RACE fire acronym
rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish/evacuate
equipment sterilization involved treating items with
heat, gas, or chemicals
an inanimate object that has made contact with an infectious organism (food, water, gloves, equipment)
fomite
when to perform hand hygine
before and after every patient exam
best way to pass between sterile operators in sterile gowns
back to back (or front to front but the former is better)
ratio for bleach equipment disinfection
1:10 ratio with water
area around patient that is considered contaminated for droplet precautions
3 feet or 1 meter around area of patient
examples of airborne precaution measures
respiration protection and negative ventilation
neutropenic precations are also known as
reverse isolation
best predictor of possible reaction to contrast media
history of previous allergic reactions
rule of 5’s for contrast media administration
about 5% of population experience some reaction, of this population only 5% experience a severe or life threatening reaction
six rights of drug administration
patient, drug, amount, route, time, documentation
type of injection for myelogram
intrathecal
type of injection for arteriogram
arterial injection
type of injection for arthrogram
articular injection
when to check patient pulse and BP when giving contrast media?
pre, during, and post contrast media injection
degree of angulation for inserting a needle
15 degrees
max volume of IV contrast for healthy adults
less than or equal to 300 mL
most common site for injections
antecubital vein
second most common site for injections
basilic vein (back of hand)
kVp limit for exam that uses iodinated contrast media
80 or less
concentration of an osmotic solution and has a relationship to the patient risk of reaction
osmolarity
how to reduce viscosity of contrast media
warm it up
what is the sulfate used for in barium sulfate
makes it less toxic
atomic number of iodine
53
atomic number of barium
56
double contrast barium study kVp
90-100
single contrast barium study kVp
100-125
normal creatinine value
0.7-1.3 mg/dL
normal BUN value
8-25 mg/dL
GFR normal value
90-120 mL/min/1.73m^2
best test to measure kidney function and determine stage of kidney disease
estimated glomuler filtration rate (eGFR)
when fluid infuses the tissue surrounding venipuncture site, often used interchangably with extravasation
infiltration
accidental infiltration of a vesicant into the interstitial tissues at the site of injection
extravasation
a drug capable of causing tissue necrosis
vesicant
a failure of circulation in which blood pressure is inadequate to support oxygen perfusion of vital tissues and in unable to remove the by products of metabolism
shock
shock resulting from external hemorrhage, lacerations, or plasma loss due to burns
hypovolemic shock
shock resulting from massive infection
septic shock
shock where patients that suffer head or spinal traumaresult in a failure of arterial resistance
neurogenic shock
shock resulting from cardiac failure
cardiogenic shock
symptoms of a contrast reaction
restlessness, increase pulse rate, pallor and weakness, cool clammy skill, hypotension accompanied with itching flushing and shortness of breath
if a patient survives a severe contrast reaction, when can they have IV contrast again?
never again
contrast reaction exhibiting nausea, vomiting, hives, itching, sneezing, extravasation, vasovagal response, fear, weakness, dizziness, sweating
mild reaction
response for mild reactions
monitor and comfort patient, provide a warm town for extravasation
contrast reaction exhibiting excessive hives, tachycardia, giant hives, excessive vomiting
moderate reaction
response for moderate reaction
call for medical assistance and prepare to administer antihistimine medication
if a patient is exhibiting difficulty breathing after contrast administration, what type of reaction could it be
severe, life threatening
drugs for arrhythmias (PICAX)
pronestyl, isoptin, cordarone, adenocard, xylocaine
drugs for allergic reactions
benadryl, decadron
drugs for shock (LID)
levophed, intropin, dobutrex
drug for seizures
dilantin
drug for hypoglycemia and smasmatic colon
glucagon
drug for hyperglycemia
insulin, metformin, glucophage
how is nitroglycerine administered for acute angina
sublingual
purpose of Swan-Ganz catheter
diagnosis of right and left ventricular failure and pulmonary disorders
where is tip of Swan Ganz catheter located
pulmonary artery
height range above site of insertion for hanging bag (BE, IV, etc)
18 - 24 inches above
how to convert inches to cm
multiply inches x2.5
dislocation of a joint space is called
subluxation
best way to demonstrate compression fracture of spine
lateral
fracture that breaks the skin
compound
deviation of the head of the 4th or 5th metacarpal
Boxer’s fracture
transverse fracture of the distal radius, associated ulnar styloid fracture, posterior displacement of hand
Colle’s fracture
fracture with anterior dislocation of hand in relation to forearm
Smith’s fracture
fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Jones fracture
popliteal meaning
behind the knee
rebreather bag used in CPR
ambu bag
nerve that gets impinged upon in carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve
drug used for anaphylactic shock
epinephrine
bleeding from nose is known as
epistaxis
PASS acronym for fire
Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
any procedure that involves catheterization of urinary bladder requires the use of
sterile technique
most common nosocomial infection
UTI
how long should hand washing routine last
20 seconds
sterile procedure hand washing time
5 minutes
first move of opening a sterile tray
open away from the operator
what type of sterilization is autoclaving
steam sterilization
enema tipping position
Sims
most commonly used contrast in radiology
air (negative contrast) (deep breath in and hold)
what happens to pulse and BP when patient is undergoing anaphylactic shock
pulse increases, BP decreases
medical term for hives
urticaria
