Procedure Turns/holding

Question 1

How is a 45/180 turn flown?

Answer 1

Turn 45 degrees from the outbound leg and fly for one minute

Then turn 180 degrees the opposite direction to reintercept the track

Question 2

How is an 80/260 procedure turn flown?

Answer 2

Turn 80 degrees off the outbound and once you reach 80 degrees off turn 260 degrees the opposite direction

Question 3

How is a base turn flown?

Answer 3

Fly the specified outbound track until a point marked by time or DME and fly a rate 1 turn in the required direction

Question 4

How do you enter a procedure turn?

Answer 4

Use a direct entry if within 30 degrees of the outbound track. If outside this zone, join the hold and reposition for a direct entry

Question 5

Give 5 examples of holding fixes

Answer 5

• VOR
• NDB
• radial/DME fix
• Radial interception
• RNAV point

Question 6

When does the timing of the outbound leg begin in a hold?

Answer 6

Abeam the fix, or if this can’t be determined, when the outbound turn is complete

Question 7

What is the DA42’s hold speed?

Answer 7

120 knots

Question 8

When should the holding speed be achieved prior to entering a hold?

Answer 8

3 minutes before

Question 9

How is an offset/teardrop join flown?

Answer 9

After passing the fix fly for 1 minute at an angle of 30 degrees from the reciprocal of the inbound (I.e. Outbound)

Then, turn right to intercept the inbound track

Question 10

How is a parallel join flown?

Answer 10

At the fix, turn left to fly parallel to the outbound course and fly for 1 minute.

Then, turn left to intercept the inbound track at 45 degrees

Question 11

How is a direct join flown?

Answer 11

On reaching the fix, turn right to join the outbound

Question 12

How is a special entry flown from a position in the direct close to offset zone?

Answer 12

Fly at over the fix at 90 degrees from the inbound and fly for 20 seconds

Then, fly a rate 1 right turn for 30 seconds to join the outbound leg

Then, complete the outbound leg by flying for 40 seconds before turning right as normal to continue the hold

Question 13

How is a special join flown from the direct close to parallel zone?

Answer 13

Overfly the fix and turn right 90 degrees from the outbound

On reaching abeam the fix again, start the timer for 20 seconds and fly straight

Then, fly a 20 second rate one right turn in order to join the outbound

Question 14

How do we correct for wind on the outbound leg?

Answer 14

(Crosswind/speed number) x 2

Double drift correction

Question 15

How do we correct timing on the outbound leg?

Answer 15

1 minute + headwind/speed number

1 minute - tailwind/speed number

(At 120KTAS 1 second/2 knots of wind)