Problems faced by Giolitti 1911-1914 Flashcards
When did Italy invade Libya
29th Sep 1911
When was Libya formally handed over to the Italians by the Ottomans ?
8th Oct 1911
Why did Italy invade Libya ?
Neutralise ANI ( nationalist threat )/ reduce nationalist support
Business interests in Tripoli
Worried about French expansion to Morocco
Why did the Libyan war increase support for ANI / why does ANI claim credit for the war ?
Claimed credit for policy and led to them demanding more from liberal gov. Also able to capitalise on dislike for Giolitti by claiming the war was mismanaged.
How much did the Libyan war cost and how many soldiers died ?
Cost 1300 million lire and 3500 Italians died
What was an indirect consequence of the Libyan war ?
Extension of the franchise
When did Giolitti extend the franchise and to whom?
1912
To all men who had fought in the war ( so all men who had completed military service and all over 30 could vote )
What did G hope the franchise extension would do ?
Increase his popularity
How many seats did liberal deputies loose in the 1913 election ?
71 seats
Which 3 cities in the north accounted for 55% of industrial income ?
Milan, Turin and Genoa
What percentage of wealth did the north have vs the south in 1910 ?
North : 48%
South : 27%
In what way did Giolitti try to improve the economy in the south ?
Constructing aqueducts and issuing tax incentives and loans
Which economic reforms did Giolitti implement to help the poor ?
Raising min working age to 12 and reducing food tax
How much did exports rise by between 1911-14 ?
Exports rose by 45%
How many Italians emigrated ( mostly from south )between 1912-13
1.5 million (shows south still underdeveloped)
What question did intellectuals and politicians ponder over ?
Questions Meridiorale - why was stage south so poor ?
When were the ANI set up
1910
Which socialists did Mussolini make alliances with ?
Moderates such as Filipino Turatti(leader)
Who did Giolitti’s compromises with the socialists bring him into conflict with ?
Catholics and nationalists
Describe transformismo ?
Refers to the policy of making a flexible , centrist coalition gov which isolated the extreme left / right wing in Italian politics
What is risotgimento ?
Unification of Italy as a new nation in 1870
How did the ANI view Giolitti ?
Corrupt and weak
Between 1910-11 how many people died from cholera in Naples
25,000
What were Giolittis concessions with the socialists ?
Importantly :1906 he bought in a new policy of non - intervention in labour disputes and courts to settle pay disputes
Enacted a series of reforms to allow workers to strike
Offfered a variety of social reforms like state - subsidised sickness and an old age fund for the merchant navy. Leading socialist Bossolati even offered a place in Giolittis cabinet but he declines.
When did Giolitti resign and who was he replaced by ?
March 1914 due to collapse of coalition.
Antonio Salandra
When was the battle of Adwa ?
1896 - first Italo Ethiopian war (humiliating fo Italy )
Which leading socialist was offered a place in Giolittis cabinet ?
Bissolati
In 1911 how was catholic /liberal cooperation most evident ?
Most evident at a local level - Catholics part of governing coalitions of in Turin, Bologna, Florence and Venice
