Problems faced by Giolitti 1911-1914

Question 1

When did Italy invade Libya

Answer 1

29th Sep 1911

Question 2

When was Libya formally handed over to the Italians by the Ottomans ?

Answer 2

8th Oct 1911

Question 3

Why did Italy invade Libya ?

Answer 3

Neutralise ANI ( nationalist threat )/ reduce nationalist support

Business interests in Tripoli

Worried about French expansion to Morocco

Question 4

Why did the Libyan war increase support for ANI / why does ANI claim credit for the war ?

Answer 4

Claimed credit for policy and led to them demanding more from liberal gov. Also able to capitalise on dislike for Giolitti by claiming the war was mismanaged.

Question 5

How much did the Libyan war cost and how many soldiers died ?

Answer 5

Cost 1300 million lire and 3500 Italians died

Question 6

What was an indirect consequence of the Libyan war ?

Answer 6

Extension of the franchise

Question 7

When did Giolitti extend the franchise and to whom?

Answer 7

1912
To all men who had fought in the war ( so all men who had completed military service and all over 30 could vote )

Question 8

What did G hope the franchise extension would do ?

Answer 8

Increase his popularity

Question 9

How many seats did liberal deputies loose in the 1913 election ?

Answer 9

71 seats

Question 10

Which 3 cities in the north accounted for 55% of industrial income ?

Answer 10

Milan, Turin and Genoa

Question 11

What percentage of wealth did the north have vs the south in 1910 ?

Answer 11

North : 48%
South : 27%

Question 12

In what way did Giolitti try to improve the economy in the south ?

Answer 12

Constructing aqueducts and issuing tax incentives and loans

Question 13

Which economic reforms did Giolitti implement to help the poor ?

Answer 13

Raising min working age to 12 and reducing food tax

Question 14

How much did exports rise by between 1911-14 ?

Answer 14

Exports rose by 45%

Question 15

How many Italians emigrated ( mostly from south )between 1912-13

Answer 15

1.5 million (shows south still underdeveloped)

Question 16

What question did intellectuals and politicians ponder over ?

Answer 16

Questions Meridiorale - why was stage south so poor ?

Question 17

When were the ANI set up

Answer 17

1910

Question 18

Which socialists did Mussolini make alliances with ?

Answer 18

Moderates such as Filipino Turatti(leader)

Question 19

Who did Giolitti’s compromises with the socialists bring him into conflict with ?

Answer 19

Catholics and nationalists

Question 20

Describe transformismo ?

Answer 20

Refers to the policy of making a flexible , centrist coalition gov which isolated the extreme left / right wing in Italian politics

Question 21

What is risotgimento ?

Answer 21

Unification of Italy as a new nation in 1870

Question 22

How did the ANI view Giolitti ?

Answer 22

Corrupt and weak

Question 23

Between 1910-11 how many people died from cholera in Naples

Answer 23

25,000

Question 24

What were Giolittis concessions with the socialists ?

Answer 24

Importantly :1906 he bought in a new policy of non - intervention in labour disputes and courts to settle pay disputes

Enacted a series of reforms to allow workers to strike

Offfered a variety of social reforms like state - subsidised sickness and an old age fund for the merchant navy. Leading socialist Bossolati even offered a place in Giolittis cabinet but he declines.

Question 25

When did Giolitti resign and who was he replaced by ?

Answer 25

March 1914 due to collapse of coalition.
Antonio Salandra

Question 26

When was the battle of Adwa ?

Answer 26

1896 - first Italo Ethiopian war (humiliating fo Italy )

Question 27

Which leading socialist was offered a place in Giolittis cabinet ?

Answer 27

Bissolati

Question 28

In 1911 how was catholic /liberal cooperation most evident ?

Answer 28

Most evident at a local level - Catholics part of governing coalitions of in Turin, Bologna, Florence and Venice