Mussolini- Methods Of Control Flashcards
Who was the first facist eduaction minister called and what where his aims ?
Giovanni Gentile (1923-29)- improve literacy and education standards. However from 1929 onwards his aims were replaced with the aim of indoctrination and obedience.
Described by himself and Mussolini as th ‘philosopher of facism’
By 1926 how many history textbooks had been banned ?
101 out of 317
The Ministry of Popular Culture banned all books considered to be ‘unsuitable to the fascist spirit’
Give an example of a facist slogan that every school day might begin with
“Mussolini ha sempre ragione” (Mussolini is always right)
Why were university facist youth likely popular ?
It gave students access to sports facilities, half price admission to entertainement and enhanced career prospects
What is an example of facist loyalty in universities ?
Only 11 out of 1250 refused to swear loyalty to the facist regime
What is an example of facist disloyalty in education / indoctrination not working ?
Widespread reporting of lecturures making clear their lack of support for the regime.
When was the ONB set up and what was it ?
Opera Nazionale Balilla 1926 creted by formal decree with the goal of providing
“for the physical and moral benefit of youth” for boys aged between 8 and 18.
Much of the programme focus on physical fitness.
compulsory between age 6- 11. Girls have their own organisation.
Why was non membership in the ONB not a good idea ?
Membership not complusory beyond age of 11 until 1939 BUT non membership makes it difficult to enrol in further eduction and barred employment in the civil service. membership of the ONB on the other hand provides access to jobs and scholarships.
What was the OND and when was it set up ?
1925 - national afterwork organisation set up, following the closure of socialist organisations providing recreation and welfare. The OND provided workers with a variety of social and sporting oppurtunities including bars, billiad halls, cycling groups, libraries and radios.
OND membership entitled workers to discount RAIL tickets. It also acted as a WELFARE organasation providing releif in time of need.
Most popular aspect of the OND was SUBSIDISED holidays and excursions.
Clear effort to keep the OND ideologically free and there was no promostion of facist ideas. However, physical and military training was embraced by many giving a somewhat ideological slant.
How many members did the OND have by 1939 ?
4 million
When were laws restricting the freedom of press sanctioned ?
By the end of 1926
Which left wing newspapers were banned ?
Avanti and L’unita
How were journalists controlled ?
All journalists incoperated into a facist union which controlled accsess to jobs and promotions.
M more intrested in controlling the press than banning newspapers. Facist newspapers only accounted for 10% of the entire newspapers sales in Italy.
What was the ratio of facist newspapers to non facist newspapers ?
M more intrested in controlling the press than banning newspapers. Facist newspapers only accounted for 10% of the entire newspapers sales in Italy.
His facist newspaper Popolo d’Italia had a circulation of around 100,000, compared to 600,000 for the Corriere della sera.
Increased subsidies for newspapers that printed positve stories about M
What was the increase in radio from 1932 to 1938
1932 - 300,000 registered radio sets
1938- Over 1 million
Radio broadcasts state controlled. Mussolini speeches broadcated via loud speakers in public squares and buildings. FGC member Davanzatis ‘chronicles of the regime’ programme interveiwed leading facists
