Problem Solving & Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Ability to perform cognitive tasks and the capacity to learn from experience and adapt

Question 2

Deductive reasoning

Answer 2

Going from a theory or a broad topic and making a specific conclusion or fact from it

Question 3

Inductive reasoning

Answer 3

Moving from specific facts to broader generalizations and theories

Question 4

Characteristics of an intelligence test have to be

Answer 4

Reliable: test produces consistent results
Valid: measures what the researcher was trying to measure

Question 5

Galton

Answer 5

Wanted to quantify intelligence in an unbiased way

Question 6

Spearman

Answer 6

Believed in a single type of intelligence, g ,

Question 7

Gardner

Answer 7

Proposed multiple intelligences theory and test

Question 8

Flynn effect

Answer 8

Mean score for intelligent test has been steadily increasing since 1932

Question 9

Schema

Answer 9

How you interpret the world

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

Manipulates incoming information to fit with existing schemas

Question 11

Accommodation

Answer 11

Modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible information

Question 12

Sensorimotor stage

What has to be perfected in this stage?

Answer 12

0-2yrs
Object permanence - understand that objects are still there even when out of view
- recognize that they can affect the environment

Question 13

Preoperational stage

What four things do they have difficulty with?

Answer 13

2-7yrs
Egocentrism: difficulty understanding the world from others perspective
Seriation: ability to logically order a series of objects
Reversible relationships: have difficulty identifying
Conservation: unable to identify differences in conservation

Question 14

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 14

7-12
Unable to thing abstractly or reason based on a hypothesis
Can perform things they struggled with in preoperational

Question 15

Formal operational

Answer 15

12+ 
Able to thing abstractly 
Work with hypotheses 
Everything else that makes up the range of adult cognitive abilities 
May become interested in games books etc

Question 16

Criticisms of Piagets theory

Answer 16

Decalage: some children develop skills out of order

Children’s language abilities: this hypothesis was based on child’s language ability

Question 17

Confirmation bias

Answer 17

Our tendency to seek out information that supports our hypothesis rather than info that disproves it

Question 18

Heuristics

Answer 18

Mental shortcut use to problem solve quickly and correctly

Question 19

Availability heuristic

Answer 19

Our tendency to make decisions based on what we have readily available

Question 20

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 20

Compare something to our existing prototype of what we consider to be the most typical example of a particular category

Question 21

Self Regulation

Answer 21

Helps to delay reward

Question 22

Bounded rationality

Answer 22

Cognitive limitations prevent humans from being fully rational

Question 23

Biases

Answer 23

Mistakes that influence rationality

Question 24

Anchoring

Answer 24

Bias affected by initial anchor, even if anchor is arbitrary

Question 25

Framing

Answer 25

The bias to be systematically affected by the way in which info is presented

Question 26

N back test

Answer 26

participants are asked to keep track of an image, number or letter that appeared n positions back in a series

Question 27

Dual n back test

Answer 27

Participants have to match a visual and auditory cue