Instrumental Conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

Instrumental conditioning

A

Learning the contingency between behaviours and their consequences

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2
Q

Thorndike

A

Put a cat in a puzzle box with a dish of food outside and a lever to open the door

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3
Q

Stamping in (satisfying effect)

A

Behaviours with positive consequences get stamped in

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4
Q

Stamped out (unsatisfying effect)

A

Behaviours with negative consequences get stamped out

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5
Q

Reward training

A

Presentation of a positive reinforcer

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6
Q

Punishment training

A

Presentation of a negative reinforcer

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7
Q

Omission training

A

Removal of a positive reinforcer

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8
Q

Escape training

A

Removal of a negative reinforcer

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9
Q

Autoshaping

A

Learning without direct guidance, rewards behaviour that may occur spontaneously

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10
Q

Successive approximation

A

Complex behaviour can be broken down into smaller steps which gradually build up to the full response

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11
Q

SD

A

Signals when a contingency is valid

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12
Q

S delta

A

Signals when the contingent relationship is not valid

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13
Q

Fixed ratio

A

Pause and run pattern, ex getting a reward every three times you clean your room

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14
Q

Fixed interval

A

A fixed amount of time, scallop pattern

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15
Q

Variable ratio

A

Straight line, reinforcement is given some random number of responses

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16
Q

Variable interval

A

Reinforcement delivered after random amount of time

17
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Satisfies biological need

18
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

Established through classical conditioning, ex money

19
Q

Observational learning

A

Just after birth we are able to learn from observing others behaviours

20
Q

Aversive stimulus

A

Something unpleasant, negative reinforcer

21
Q

Delay in gratification

A

Ability to delay rewards

22
Q

Chaining

A

Response is reinforced with the opportunity to perform the next response (similar to higher order conditioning)

23
Q

Contrast effects

A

Changes in value of reward led to shifts in response rate

24
Q

Negative contrast

A

Switch from a high reward to a low reward now respond at a slower rate

25
Q

Positive contrast

A

Responding at a faster rate

26
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Reinforcer follows every correct response made by individual

27
Q

Partial reinforcement

A

Reinforce follows only some of the responses

28
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Neurons that responds the same way when performing an action and watching someone perform an action