Problem Solving and Creativity

Question 1

A lightbulb moment where information you already have in your brain comes together to form a solution

Answer 1

Insight learning

Question 2

The way information is conveyed (Ex: 90% success rate vs. 10% failure rate)

Answer 2

Framing

Question 3

Tendency for beliefs to persevere in the face of contradicting information

Answer 3

Belief perseverance

Question 4

Tendency to overestimate our accuracy

Answer 4

Overconfidence

Question 5

Judge probability by perceived representativeness of a stereotype

Answer 5

Representativeness heuristic

Question 6

Judge probability by perceived occurrence in memory – more memorable occasions will seem more probable

Answer 6

Availability heuristic

Question 7

Fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts – used to make mundane decisions

Answer 7

Intuition

Question 8

Tendency to seek out info that supports our belief and ignore that which doesn’t

Answer 8

Confirmation bias

Question 9

Problem solving that uses shortcuts, faster but can be wrong

Answer 9

Heuristic

Question 10

Methodical problem solving that guarantees correct answer by checking every possible solution

Answer 10

Algorithm

Question 11

Allows expansion of possible problem solutions

Answer 11

Divergent thinking

Question 12

Flips through different solutions to determine best solution to single problem

Answer 12

Convergent thinking

Question 13

Ability to produce new, valuable ideas

Answer 13

Creativity

Question 14

Branch of psychology that makes machines, jobs, etc. safer, more convenient, and more efficient (Ergonomics, UX-User experience, persuasive design)

Answer 14

Human Factors Psychology

Question 15

Failure to use an object in an unfamiliar way

Answer 15

Functional fixedness

Question 16

Using previously successful strategies

Answer 16

Mental set

Question 17

Inability to look at a problem in a new way

Answer 17

Fixation

Question 18

Tendency to accept info within our own belief system

Answer 18

Belief bias

Question 19

The assumptions we make based on experiences we have

Answer 19

Cognitive biases

Question 20

Making assumptions based on just the limited information we have

Answer 20

Anchoring effect/bias

Question 21

How can you increase creativity?

Answer 21

Keep a book or recorder, seek challenges, broaden knowledge, creative environment, sleep, nature, happiness

Question 22

Robert Sternberg’s 5 Components of Creativity

Answer 22

Creative environment, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, expertise, imaginative thinking

Question 23

General –> specific reasoning – funneling a general conclusion into a specific scenario

Answer 23

Deductive reasoning

Question 24

Applying a specific conclusion to a more general problem/opinion

Answer 24

Inductive reasoning

Question 25

Thinking about thinking

Answer 25

Metacognition