Problem Solving

Question 1

Well-Defined Problem

Answer 1

There is one correct solution which can be found through an identifiable set of procedures.

Question 2

Ill-Defined Problem

Answer 2

Problem is related to relationships or career choices. Does not necessarily have a single correct answer and the path to the solution is not obvious.

Question 3

Gestalt Approach

Answer 3

Representing and restructuring the problem.

Question 4

Restructuring

Answer 4

Changing the problem’s representation.

Question 5

Fixation

Answer 5

People tend to focus on some aspects of the problem which keeps them from arriving to the solution.

Question 6

Functional Fixedness

Answer 6

People are fixed or focus on the typical use of an object.

Question 7

Mental Set

Answer 7

Preconceived notions about how to solve the problem.

Question 8

Operators

Answer 8

Actions that take the person from the initial state to the goal state.

Question 9

Mean-End Analysis

Answer 9

Reduce the difference between the initial state and the goal state by creating subgoals.

Question 10

Analogical problem solving

Answer 10

Use the same solution for a previously solved problem that is similar to the present one.

This is called analogical transfer.

Question 11

Process of Analogical Problem Solving

Answer 11

1. Noticing the analogous problem relationship between the source story and the target problem
2. Mapping the correspondence between the source story and the target problem
3. Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution

Question 12

Structural Features

Answer 12

Underlying principles that govern the solution.

Question 13

Analogical Encoding

Answer 13

Facilitating knowledge transfer from problem solving

Question 14

Fluid intelligence

Answer 14

Ability to deal with new or unusual problems

Question 15

Crystalized intelligence

Answer 15

Knowledge acquired