Problem solving

Question 1

What are the effects of bells palsy?

Answer 1

It is Facial nerve inhibition, so drooping of the face on one side.

Loss of taste from ant. 2/3 tongue (if affected in or before facial canal as chorda tympani branch comes off there)

Hypersensitivity to sound (due to innervation of the stapedius muscle)

Parasympathetic issues:
-no tears
-no saliva from the submandibular or subingual glands

Question 2

What causes vasoconstriction of the (superficial) blood vessels of the face? (cause, transmitor and receptor)

Answer 2

Sympathetic nervous system

Noradrenalin release acting on alpha 1 receptors in the smooth muscles of arteries

Question 3

What is responsible for sweating (inc. face), cause, transmiter and receptOR)

Answer 3

Sympathetic nervous system

ACh on muscarinic receptors of sweatglands

Question 4

Pupillary response (dilation and constriction) is due to what?

Answer 4

Dilation = sympathetic nervous system
-Alpha 1 receptors in dilator pupilae (radial muscle) noradrenalin causes contraction and pupil dilation

Question 5

What are the different receptors worked on my nor adrenalin?>

Answer 5

Alpha 1 α -> looks like a vessel that you can pull at the togs to constrict. so vasoconstriction, due to contraction of smooth muscle, so contraction of smooth muscles

Beta 1 -> no.1 beat = heart beat, so increases heart rate and force of contraction

So the no.1 are all contractions

No. 2’s are all to do with relaxation
Alpha 2 = vasodilation
Beta 2 = broncho dilation, also vasodilation and