Dementia

Question 1

What is agnosia?

Answer 1

Unable to interpret sensory information, eg unable to recognise faces

Question 2

Screening tests in Dementia?

Answer 2

Blood test and CT/MRI

Can do other examinations if need be

Question 3

HUntingtons

Answer 3

Abnormal movements (Chorea), dementia and psychriatric

Question 4

Parkinsonism demential liked to what?

Answer 4

Lewy bodys

Question 5

What causes Alzheimers?

Answer 5

Beta amyloid plaques and tau tangles

Question 6

What can increase and decrease teh risk in alzheimers disease?

Answer 6

Increased risk:
-smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension

Decreases risk:
-cognitive reserve, exercise and diet

Question 7

Temporo-parietal dementia

Answer 7

Alzhimers!!!

SO it inclues early memory loss, language, viospatial losses

Question 8

Frontal temoparal dementia?

Answer 8

personality/behaviour changes.

-change in eating habits
-dysphasia

Question 9

Dementia with lewy bodies?

Answer 9

-hallucintaions
-parkinsonism
-visuospatial issues
-excuecitive funciton issues
- fluctuations

Question 10

Treatment of dementia

Answer 10

Holistic:
-dementia services, OT, social workers

Pharmalogical
-insomnia, depression, sometimes behaviour with antipsychotics but this can cause early death

-Alzheimers:
-anticholinesterases (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Doneepezil, Rivastigmine, galantamine
-NMDA antagonist (memantine)

-

Question 11

Alzheimers treatment

Answer 11

anticholinesterases (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Doneepezil, Rivastigmine, galantamine
-NMDA antagonist (memantine)

Question 12

What causes parkinsonism?

Answer 12

predominantly dopamine loss
Lewy bodies (α synuclein)

Question 13

vasular parkinsomism affects legs or arms more?

Answer 13

legs

Question 14

What are parkinson plus syndromes?

Answer 14

Extra complications/groups of symptoms:

-Multiple system atrophy
-Progressive supranuclear palsy / corticobasal degen

Question 15

What are the genetic risk factors for parkinsoms?

Answer 15

LBBK2, Parkin, GBA

Question 16

What environmental aspects can increase risk of parkinsons?

Answer 16

Pesticides might increase the risk.

Smoking and caffeine decrease the risk

Question 17

Clinica diagnosis

Answer 17

you need BRADYKINEASEA and 1 of: rigidity, tremor and postural instability

Question 18

What exacebates or relieves tremor with parkinsos?

Answer 18

Exacerbated by distraction, eg talking.

Relieved by action eg holding arms up.

Question 19

non motor symptoms of parkinsons?

Answer 19

Autonomic (bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction)

depression, fatigue, pain

loss of smell (anosmia)

Neuropsychiatric (hallucinations/cognitive issues)

REM sleep behaviour disorder

Question 20

Grades on spect scan

Answer 20

0 = normal
1 = one reduced putamen
2= 2 reduced putamen
3 = reduced caudate

Question 21

entacapoe. tolcapone and opicapone are all what type of drug?

Answer 21

COMT inhibitors
(used in late parkinsonism)

Question 22

Selegiline, rasagiline and Safinamide are all what type of drug?

Answer 22

MAO-B inhibitors
Also used in late parkinsons

Question 23

Ropinirole, Pramipexole amd roigotine are al what type of drugs?

Answer 23

Dopamine agonists

Question 24

What are the psychiatric drug induced complications of dopamine agonists?

Answer 24

Hallucinations, impulse control eg increased sex drive in males and increased online shopping in females

Question 25

What is a side effect o flevodopa?

Answer 25

Dyskinesias (involuntary movements)

Question 26

What does off and on mean in parkinsons?

Answer 26

Off eans that their meds have worn off and so super tremory etc, on means that the meds are in action and they are on them