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Problem 1 Flashcards

The Brain

1
Q

Saggital Plane

A

Devides brain into left and right

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2
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Devides Brain into front and back

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3
Q

Horizontal Plane

A

Devides brain into upper and lower parts

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4
Q

Medial

A

towards the middle

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5
Q

Lateral

A

towards the side

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6
Q

Ipsilateral

A

location is on same side of the body

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7
Q

Contralateral

A

location is on opposite sides of body

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8
Q

superior

A

above

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9
Q

inferior

A

below

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10
Q

Anterior/Rostral

A

towards the nose

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11
Q

Posterior/Caudal

A

towards the back of the head/tail

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12
Q

Dorsal

A

towards top of the head

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13
Q

Ventral

A

towards chest/ bottom of head

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14
Q

Afferent Neuron

A

carries information into region of interest

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15
Q

Efferent Neuron

A

carries information out of / away from region of interest

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16
Q

Central nervous System

A

Division of the nervous system that consists of brain and Spinal cord

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17
Q

Division of the CNS

A
  1. Forebrain
    Telencephalon
    Diencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon ( Midbrain )
  3. Hindbrain
    Metencephalon
    Myelencephalon ( Medulla)
  4. Spinal Cord
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18
Q

Telencephalon ( Subdivisions )

A

Cortex, Basal Ganglia

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19
Q

Diencephalon ( Subdivisions )

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

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20
Q

Metencephalon ( Subdivisions )

A

Cerebellum, Pons

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21
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Division of Nervous System, consisting of all the nerves lying outside the CNS

Allows CNS to send and receive information to other areas of the body

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22
Q

Division of the PNS

A

Somatic NS : Interacts with the external environment

Autonomic NS : Regulates the body internal environment

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23
Q

Substructures of the Frontal Lobe

A
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Motor Cortex
  • Brocas Area
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24
Q

Brocas Area

A
  • Production of written and spoken language

- Processing and comprehending language

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25
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Assessing and controlling appropriate behaviour

-reasoning, planning, judgement

26
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

Preparing movement

27
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

controls the excecution of movement

28
Q

Role of the Frontal Lobe

A
  • voluntary movement
  • decision making
  • language
29
Q

Role of Occipital Lobes

A
  • primary visual area of the brain

- -> input from retina

30
Q

Substructure of the Occipital Lobes

A
  • dorsal stream

- ventral stream

31
Q

Dorsal stream

A
  • processes where objects are located

- projects information to the parietal lobes

32
Q

Ventral stream

A
  • processes what objects are

- projects information to the temporal lobes

33
Q

Substructure of the Parietal Lobes

A
  • Somatosensory Cortex
34
Q

Role of the Parietal Lobes

A

Perception and integration of somatosensory information

 ex.: pressure, pain, warmth
35
Q

Substructures of the Temporal Lobes

A
  • Wernickes area
  • Superior / Inferior / Middle temporal Gyrus
  • primary auditory Cortex
36
Q

Middle Temporal Gyrus

A

Memory and language processing

37
Q

Superior Temporal Gyrus

A
  • Processing sounds and speech

- -> contains primary auditory cortex

38
Q

Wernickes Area

A

language comprehension

39
Q

Role of the Temporal Lobes

A
  • recognition
  • learning and memory
  • perception ( herging, vision, smell )
40
Q

Inferior Temporal Gyrus

A

Visual perception

41
Q

Role of Cerebellum

A
  • Coordination o voluntary movement

- Balance, timing, posture

42
Q

Substructures of the Brain Stem

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
43
Q

Role of the Brain Stem

A
  • Maintaining Homoestasis
    • -> regulating blood pressure, breathing etc. (autonomic functions)
  • Sleep
44
Q

Role of the Limbic System

A
  • processing and controlling emotions

- memory formation + Storage

45
Q

Substructures of the Limbic System

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
46
Q

Amygdala

A
  • fight or flight response

- fear / emotion / reward processing

47
Q

Hippocampus

48
Q

Hypothalamus

A

eating

sleeping

49
Q

Sylvian Fissure

A

Sulcus,

Divides temporal lobe from frontal lobes

50
Q

Central Sulcus

A

devides frontal and parietal lobes

51
Q

Grey Matter

A

receives and processes information

52
Q

White Matter

A

transmits information to other locations

53
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

involved in instrumental conditioning

habit learning
–> acquired gradually

54
Q

Ventral tegmental Area (Midbrain)

VTA

A

Origin of the dopaminergic cell bodies of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system

 --> implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain
55
Q

Reticular formation

A
  • plays a central role in states of consciousness like alertness and sleep
  • projects to the cerebral cortex + thalamus
56
Q

Thalamus

A
  • regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness

- relays (weiterleiten) motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

57
Q

Meninges

A
  • protective tissue of the brain
  • consists of three different types of layers
    • -> Dura mater
    • -> Arachnoid membrane
    • -> Pia mater
58
Q

Dura mater

A

most outer layer, thick and tough

  • dural folds
    • -> Falx: separates hemispheres
    • -> Tentorium: separates cerebrum from cerebellum
59
Q

Substructures of the Basal Ganglia

A
  • putamen
  • caudate nucleus

=> dorsal striatum

  • nucleus accumbens (NAC)
  • olfactory tubercle

=> ventral striatum

60
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

divides left and right hemispheres

61
Q

Basic functions of the brain

Division according to capalbo - Knowledge clip

A 
Front part --> complex functions 
Middle part --> responds to the back 
Back part --> visual 
Upper part --> more complex
Lower part --> basic bodily functions
62
Q

Supplementary motor area

A

planning of movement

Body & Behaviour (9 decks)

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