probability to ANOVA

Question 1

random trial

Answer 1

any process that has multiple outcomes but where the result on any particular trial is unknown

Question 2

sample space

Answer 2

the set of all possible outcomes form a raondom trial

Question 3

discrete distributions

Answer 3

probability distribution for a discrete variable

Question 4

continous variable

Answer 4

probabilty distribution for a continous variabe –> if the range is 0, so is the probability

Question 5

standard normal distribution

Answer 5

is a special form of the normal distribuiton with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1

Question 6

sampling distributions

Answer 6

the probability distribution of a descriptive statisitc that would emerge if a statistical populatioon was sampled repeatedly a large number of times (narorwer than the statisitcal population)

Question 7

central limit theorm

Answer 7

allows us to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution without the need to construct it

Question 8

students t distribution

Answer 8

probability used to describe the sampling distributions when the parameters of the statisitcal population are estimated from a sample

Question 9

confidence intervals

Answer 9

the range over a sampling distribution that brackets the centre-most probability of interest (derived from the sampling distributions, based on t-distributions)

Question 10

null hypothesis

Answer 10

statement / positon that is the skeptical viewpoint of your research question

Question 11

null distribution

Answer 11

sampling distribution from an imaginary statistical population where the null hypothesis is true

Question 12

alternative hypothesis

Answer 12

statement / position that is the positive viewpoint (contains everything not in the null hypothesis)

Question 13

directionality

Answer 13

whether there is direction in the null and alternative hypothesis

Question 14

type I error rate

Answer 14

rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Question 15

p value

Answer 15

probability of seeing your data, or something more extreme under the null hypothesis

Question 16

type II error

Answer 16

the probabilty of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

Question 17

single sample t test

Answer 17

evaluate whether the mean of your sample is different from some reference value
- compares a sample mean of a numerical variable to a reference value, the null distribution is a t-distribution

Question 18

paired sample t test

Answer 18

• evaluate whether the difference in paired data is different from some reference value
• ## compares the difference between paired measuremnents of a numerical variable to a reference value

Question 19

2 sample t test

Answer 19

evaluate whether the means of 2 groups are different from each other

Question 20

chi-square test interaction

Answer 20

refers to the cells in the table not having equal relative proportions across the levels of each variable

Question 21

chi-square test independent

Answer 21

cells having equal relative proportions across the levels of each variable

Question 22

chi-squared score

Answer 22

a measure of the distance between 2 contingency tables (squared difference between 2 table)

Question 23

chi-squared distributions

Answer 23

the distribution of chi-squared scores expected from repeatedly sampling a statisitcal population where the null hypothesis was true

Question 24

linear regression

Answer 24

stat test used to evaluate whether changes in one numerical variable can predict changes in a second numerical variable

Question 25

slope

Answer 25

describes the amount that the response variable increases / decreases for every unit change in the predictor variable

Question 26

shaprio-wilks test

Answer 26

test used to quantitatively evaluate the assumption that the reiduals are noramll distributed

Question 27

F-test

Answer 27

statisitcal hypothesis test used to evaluate whether the variance of 2 groups are different

Question 28

grouping variation

Answer 28

the variation between the group means and overall grand mean

Question 29

residual variation

Answer 29

the variation between the sampling units ans the groups means

Question 30

ANOVA

Answer 30

used to test for differences in means among categorical levels when there are more than 2 levels

Question 31

Post HOC test

Answer 31

secondary tests used to evaluate what groups have different means in ANOVA

Question 32

turkeyHSD

Answer 32

a type of test that evaluates all possible contrast statements

Question 33

contrast statements

Answer 33

the difference in means between 2 groups in an ANOVA

Question 34

family of contrast

Answer 34

the set of all contrast statments used for a set of data

Question 35

2 facotr ANOVA

Answer 35

statisitcal test used to evaluate the change in a numerical variable acorss 2 categorical variables

Question 36

interaction (two - factor ANOVA)

Answer 36

when the resposne to the combination of 2 levels is not the simple sum of 2