methods

Question 1

Case control survey

Answer 1

a survey design where the statisitcal population is divded into a case and control group based on a response variable to study how other facotrs might be assoicated with the observed response

Question 2

cluster survey

Answer 2

• a survey done to average over unwanted heterogenity by seperating the sampling unit (cluster) from the observation unit
• Google definition: researchers divded a population into smaller groups known as clusters, then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample

Question 3

cohort survey

Answer 3

a survey design where sampling units are selected at random from the statisitcal population and then followed over time, looking for a change in the response variable

Question 4

Confounding variable

Answer 4

(typically) an observed variable that can affect both the explantory and response variable causeing an incident or spurious relationship

Question 5

cross sectional study

Answer 5

a snapshot of the statisitcal population at a single point in time

Question 6

experimental study

Answer 6

a study involving a statisitcal pipulation where the investigators can control the experimental variables

Question 7

explanatory variable

Answer 7

a variable that an investigator beleives may explain the response variable

Question 8

longitudinal study

Answer 8

follows the selected sampling units over time

Question 9

Observational study

Answer 9

a study using observations from a statisitcal population where the investigator has no control over the explanatory variables

Question 10

prospect study

Answer 10

selects sampling units before the respinse of intrest has occurred

Question 11

response variable

Answer 11

a variable that the investigator is intrested in studing as a was to answer a research question

Question 12

retrospective study

Answer 12

selects sampling units after the response of intrest has occurred

Question 13

simple random survey

Answer 13

a survey design where the sampling units are selected at random from the statisitcal population

Question 14

spurious relationship

Answer 14

when a relationship between the explanatory and response variables is largely driven by the influence of a confounding variable

Question 15

strata

Answer 15

the name given to a subgroup within the statisitcal population in a stratified survey

Question 16

stratified survey

Answer 16

survey design in which the researchers first defines strata that represent nautral grouping within the statisitcal population and the proceeds to do a simple random survey within each strata

Question 17

finding 1st quartile

Answer 17

creating a subset of the data then finding the median for lower half

Question 18

3rd quartile

Answer 18

creating a subset for the data then finding the median for the upper half

Question 19

Interquartile range

Answer 19

difference between 3rd and 1st quartile and gives the range at the innermost 50% of a numerical sample