pro d midterm Flashcards
accountability
acceptance of responsibility for roles and actions
altruism
primary regard for interests of pts
placing their needs above self interest
collaboration
working together
compassion and caring
desire to identify with another’s experience
concern for the needs and values of others
duty
commitment to meeting obligations to provide effective services and positively influence societal health
excellence
consistent use of current knowledge and skills
embracing advancement
challenging mediocrity
inclusion
creating a welcoming and equitable environment for all
committing to anti discrimination
acknowledging personal bias
integrity
steadfast adherence to high ethical principles
being truthful
ensuring fairness
following through on commitments
social responsibility
promotion of mutual trust
responding to societal health and wellness needs
define ethics
theory or system of moral values
RIPS model
realm - primary focus
individual process - behavior to address the issue
situation - classifies issue into category
designed by a PT for PT’s
why is the RIPS model unique?
profession specific
systematic and simple
focus on practical action
steps in RIPS model
recognize realm
identify individual process
clarify the situation
apply the principles
choose the best course of action
what are the three realms
individual - rights, duties, relationships
organizational - policies, procedures, system wide
societal - impact on community
four capacities of individual process
moral sensitivity - recognizing dilemma exists
moral judgement - deciding right course of action
moral motivation - prioritizing ethical values
moral courage - acting on decision despite adversity
5 categories of situation
problem/issue - no conflict
dilemma - two right courses
distress - know right action but face barriers
temptation - choice where personal benefit is at stake
silence - concerns are ignored
why use RIPS
structures framework
self reflection
balances conflicting responsibilities
respect
respectfully toward each person
avoid personal biases
altruism
prioritize pts interests over personal
professional judgement
sound judgement
avoid conflicts of interest
integrity on relationships
discourage misconduct
professional competence
lifelong learning
professional growth
contribute to the development of the profession
organizational and societal responsibilities
advocate for health and wellness in the community
meeting health needs
provide pro bono
advocate for reduced health disparities
rights ethics
human rights
duty ethics
acting based on universal prinicples
utilitarianism
maximizing benefits for the greatest number of people
virtue ethics
cultivating good habits and character traits
religious ethics
decisions guided by religious teachings and sacred values
pragmatism
practical and contextual decision-making
sources of legal obligations
federal law
state law
judicial precedent
administrative law
how to prevent malpractice
clear documentation
adhering to evidence based practices
transparent communication with pts
tort reform
first wave: expanded pt rights
second wave: limited pt access
ethical principles
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
ethics vs law
ethical breaches often align with legal violations
bases for ethical conduct
morals - personal principles about right and wrong
ethics - rules about guiding professional and personal conduct
steps to ethical decision making
qidentify ethical issue
gather relevant facts
analyze viable options
implement course of action
monitor and adjust based on feedback
professional negligence
failure to meet standards of care
causation
injury caused by breach of duty
factors increasing liability
external:
litigious culture
regulations
internal:
direct access
specialization
statute of limitations
time limit for filing a claim
comparative fault
patient shares responsibility for injury
assumption of risk
pts informed of risks and proceed knowingly
strategies to minimize risks
thorough evals and communication
informed consent
follow guidelines
what are intentional torts?
actions performed with intent to cause specific actions even if harm wasn’t primary motive
what is assault?
actions causing reasonable apprehension of imminent harm
what is battery?
physical contact without consent that is harmful or offensive
what is slander?
spoken defamation
what is libel?
written/published defamation
what is false imprisonment?
restricting a pt’s freedom without legal justification
what is fraud?
intentional misrepresentation for financial or personal gain
what is intrusion?
entering private practices without permission
what is disclosure?
sharing private pt information without consent
what is consent?
written or verbal agreement from the pt
what is self-defense?
acting to prevent imminent harm to oneself or others
what is privilege?
good-faith reporting of abuse
define advocacy
public support for particular cause of policy
who appoints those on the board of healing arts?
governor
key takeaway of legislative basics
republicans maintain 2/3 of both chambers
what is the legislative process to pass a bill?
research your idea
discuss with board
find sponsor
find revisor to write the bill
submit bill
bill gets number and assigned to either senate or house
what is the PT licensure compact?
allows privileges to practice in another state that also have the compact agreement
key committees of the senate
ways & means
public health & welfare
new senate government efficiency committee
fed & state
judiciary
key committees of the house
elections
fed & state
education
health & humans
k-12 education budget
legislative issues to watch
education
medicaid expansion
tax cuts
social issues
cannabis reform
senate bill 82
require schools to prevent and manage concussion within school
return to play/return protocol
what are the elements of informed consent?
diagnosis and findings
nature of treatment
risks
benefits
alternatives
what are the two types of euthanasia?
active: not legally or ethically sanctioned in most states
passive: withholding or withdrawing life support
DNR orders
pts request
clear documentation and communication
EMTALA
ensures emergency care for all pts regardless of ability to pay
patient dumping
ethical and legal violations of pt dignity
homeless pts discharged due to ability to pay
define pro bono
free or reduced cost care
challenges: fear of liability exposure, limited resources and time
financial responsibility
providers must ensure transparent pricing
pts have duty to pay fair value
gifts
small tokens ok when shared with team
impaired providers
ethically obligated to report suspected impairments
ethical issues in research
protect through IC
avoid conflicts of interest that could bias results
ensure accurate representation of findings
relationship centered care
care-giving
due care - meeting standards
caring
virtue of caring - act in morally valuable ways
kohlberg’s levels of moral development
preconventional - self-centered
conventional - expectation-meeting with concern for pleasing others
postconventional - autonomous recognition to social agreements and rules
gilligan’s levels of moral development
preconventional - self-centered
conventional - self-sacrificing
postconventional - mature care ethic: reason between needs
ethical egoism
people ought always and only to care about own self-interest
psychological egoism
all humans are always and only motivated by desires to get what they believe are benefits for themselves
predominant egosim
differs from psych egoism by acknowledging a significant, albeit, limited role for caring about other people
craft motives
seeking creative solutions to technical problems
compensation motives
desire to earn living, have job stability, exercise power and authority
moral concern
integrity - desires to meet one’s responsibilities and maintain moral integrity
caring - desires to promote the good of others, for their sake
moral autonomy
right to make one’s own decisions
psychological autonomy
competency to make own decisions and ability to reason and act rationally
medical care standard
what providers agree is important for pt to know
reasonable person standard
information any reasonable person would want before making a decison
voluntariness
free to make decisions without deception
competence
legal competency
confidentiality
maintain privacy of information concerning pts
caring fatigue
physical and emotional exhaustion that arises from demands of providing care
compassion fatigue
emotional strain of exposure to working with those suffering from traumatic events
signs and symptoms of helpers fatigue
emotional exhaustion
fatigue
headaches
sleep disturbances
irritability
reduced sense of accomplishment
detachment
difficulty concentrating
neg thought about work
causes of helpers fatigue
high pt load and admin responsibilities
witnessing suffering and loss regularly
limited time for personal care
feeling unappreciated or unsupported in workplace
personal strategies to prevent and address fatigue
self-awareness
prioritize self care
set boundaries
celebrate successes
workplace strategies to prevent and address fatigue
advocate for manageable workloads
peer support groups
seek mentorship for challenging cases
malady
neg medical condition, such as pain, disability, injury, disorder
illness
how malady is experienced
pain
very important determinant used in therapist’s decision about intensity and duration
spirituality in healthcare
initially a lot of healers were spiritual leaders
