Private Pilot Stage 3

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

Lack of Oxygen

-Symptoms: Euphoria, Headache, Slower Reaction Time, Impaired Judgement

Question 2

Types of Hypoxia

Answer 2

• Hypoxic: Lack of oxygen due to atmospheric conditions (High altitudes where air is thinner)
• Hypemic: Inability to carry oxygen in blood cells (Blood loss, CO poisoning, Anemia)
• Stagnant: Oxygen deficiency due to poor circulation of blood (Pulling excessive G’s)
• Histotoxic: Inability for body to use the oxygen (Drugs, Alcohol)

Question 3

Oxygen Requirements

Answer 3

• Required for crew when flying between 12,500ft and 14,000ft MSL for >30 Minutes
• Mandatory for Crew when flying above 14,000ft
• Mandatory for crew and all passengers, must be provided above 15,000ft

Question 4

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning

Answer 4

• Colorless/Odorless gas
• Important to detect symptoms of self, crew and passengers
• Symptoms: Headache, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Confusion, Vomiting, Incapacitation, Convulsions

Question 5

Cause of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Answer 5

Cabin Heater

• Many piston aircraft heat the cabin by air flowing over the manifold
• Exhaust escaping through crack in manifold or seals allow exhaust fumes to mix with air and enter cabin

Question 6

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Resolution

Answer 6

• Turn heater off
• Open windows
• Tell ATC you suspect CO poisoning (Declare emergency)
• Land as soon as possible

Question 7

Hyperventilation

Answer 7

• Rapid Breathing/Abnormal volume of air breathed in and out of lungs
• Results in decrease of carbon dioxide(CO2) content in blood

Question 8

Hyperventilation Causes

Answer 8

• Stress
• Panic
• Anxiety

Question 9

Hyperventilation Symptoms

Answer 9

• Lightheadedness
• Nausea
• Suffocation
• Tingling in fingers and toes
• Rapid pulse and breathing rate

Question 10

Hyperventilation Resolution

Answer 10

• Talking loudly
• Singing
• Controlled breathing into a bag
• Remove cause of stress/anxiety

Question 11

Sinus Block

Answer 11

-Sinuses are most often affected by pressure changes
Air Pressure in sinuses equalize through small openings in the nasal passages during altitude changes.
-Differences in pressure from sinuses eventually plug the openings
-Sinus block most often occur in descents

Question 12

Altitude Decompression Sickness

Answer 12

• Pilots or passengers who intent to fly after SCUBA diving should allow enough time to rid themselves of excess nitrogen build up.
• Recommended waiting times:
• -Uncontrolled Ascent 12 hrs: flights up to 8,000ft MSL
• -Uncontrolled Ascent 24 hrs: flights above 8,000ft MSL
• -Controlled Ascent 24 hrs: flights any altitude

Question 13

Hazardous Attitudes

Answer 13

• Anti-Authority: Dont Tell Me
• Impulsivity: Do something quickly
• Invulnerability: It wont happen to me
• Macho: I can do it
• Resignation: What is the use?

Question 14

Hazardous Attitude Antidotes

Answer 14

• Anti-Authority: Follow the rules, they are usually right
• Impulsivity: Not so fast, think first
• Invulnerability: It could happen to me
• Macho: Taking chances is foolish
• Resignation: Im not helpless, I can make a difference

Question 15

Night Time

Answer 15

• Lights Required: Sunset to Sunrise
• Logging Time: Civil Twilight(30 minutes after/before sunrise
• Currency: 3 Takeoffs/Landings to a full stop 1 hour after sunset/before sunrise

Question 16

Left Turning Tendencies

Answer 16

• Torque
• Spiraling Slipstream
• Gyroscopic Precession
• P-Factor

Question 17

Left Turning Tendencies: Torque

Answer 17

• Force that causes and opposite reaction

- Propeller spins clockwise, airplane want to spin counterclockwise

Question 18

Left Turning Tendencies: Spiraling Slipstream

Answer 18

-Prop creates spiral of air that rotates around fuselage and hits the left side of the tail, causing aircraft to Yaw Left

Question 19

Left Turning Tendencies: Gyroscopic Precession

Answer 19

-A force applied is manifested 90 degrees ahead of the direction of rotation

Question 20

Left Turning Tendencies: P-Factor

Answer 20

• In straight and level flight, both blades of prop have equal AoA
• When in Climb, Descent, on blade has higher AoA than other, creating more lift to one side, thus yawing to that side
• The Blade on the down moving side has a larger angle of attack, causing it to produce more thrust than the up moving side

Question 21

ATOMATOFLAMES

Answer 21

• Airspeed Indicator
• Tachometer
• Oil Pressure Gauge
• Manifold Pressure Gauge
• Altimeter
• Temperature Gauge
• Oil Temperature Gauge
• Fuel Level Gauge
• Landing Gear Position Indicator
• Anti-Collision Lights
• Magnetic Compass
• Emergency Location Transmitter
• Seat Belts

Question 22

Types of Fog

Answer 22

• Radiation
• Advection
• Upslope
• Precipitation
• Steam Fog

Question 23

Radiation Fog

Answer 23

• Clear Skies
• Low Winds
• Small Temp/Dewpoint Spread
• Surface cooled by radiation, adjacent air cooled to its dewpoint

Question 24

Advection Fog

Answer 24

• Warm Moist Air Condensing as it moves across a cool surface
• Along Coastlines

Question 25

Upslope Fog

Answer 25

-Warm moist air condensing as forced upslope terrain

Question 26

Precipitation Fog

Answer 26

-Warm rain falls through cool air

Question 27

Steam Fog

Answer 27

- During winter when cold, dry air passes from land to warmer ocean air - (Sea Smoke)

Question 28

Types Of Clouds

Answer 28

- Cirrus: Wispy - Stratus: Low Fluffy Clouds, Less Poufy - Cumulus: High Dense Clouds - Nimbus: Rain Clouds

Question 29

Higher Density Altitude Causes

Answer 29

- Increase in True Altitude - Decrease In Pressure (in.Hg) - Increase in Temperature

Question 30

Lower Density Altitude Causes

Answer 30

- Decrease in True Altitude - Increase in Pressure (in.Hg) - Decrease in Temperature

Question 31

Reduced Aircraft Performance Caused by Density Altitude

Answer 31

- Hotter Temp - Low Pressure System - High Humidity - Higher Altitude

Question 32

Increased Aircraft Performance Due To Density Altitude

Answer 32

- Low Temp - High Pressure System - Low Humidity - Lower Altitude