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Private Pilot Stage 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hot Spot

A

-Area where runway incursion is likely to occur

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2
Q

Airspace Requirements for Entry

A
  • Alpha: IFR Rated, and 18000ft MSL
  • Brave: Cleared In, ADS-B, Mode C Transponder(top is usually up to 10,000ft MSL, 30nm mode C Veil
  • Charlie: 2 way comms, ADS-B, Mode C Transponder, Tops 4,000ft AGL, 5nm inner ring, 10nm Outer ring
  • Delta: 2 way comms, Tops 2,500 AGL, 5sm ring(4.4nm)
  • Echo: Start 1,200ft AGL to 18,000ft MSL, within vignette 700ft AGL to 18,000ft MSL
  • Golf: Below 1,200ft AGL, within vignette below 700ft AGL
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3
Q

TRSA

A

Terminal Radar Service Area

  • Acts like hybrid between Charlie and Delta
  • Voluntary Radar Service Provided
  • Has Approach Control
  • Actual Airport is Delta
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4
Q

Airspace Cloud Clearances

A

-Bravo: 3sm, Clear of Clouds
-Charlie/Delta: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft Horizontally(3-152)
-Echo:
-Below 10,000ft MSL: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft
Below, 2000ft Horizontally(3-152)
-Above 10,000ft MSL: 5sm, 1000ft Above, 1000ft
Below, 1 mile horizontally(5-111)
-Golf:
-Below 1200ft AGL:
-Day: 1sm, Clear of clouds
-Night: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft
Horizontally(3-152)
-Above 1200ft AGL:
-Day: 1sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft
Horizontally(1-152)
-Night: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft
Horizontally(3-152)

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5
Q

Nonstandard Airspace

A

MCPRWANS

  • Military Operations Area
  • Controlled Firing Area
  • Prohibited
  • Restricted
  • Alert
  • Warning Area
  • National Security Area
  • Special Flight Rules Area
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6
Q

Special Use Airspace (SUA)

A

Airspace where activities are confined to the nature of the airspace, or where limits are imposed on aircraft that are not part of those special activities

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7
Q

Military Operations Area

A
  • Separates IFR traffic from military activity

- Freedom to fly through

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8
Q

Controlled Firing Area

A
  • Similar to MoA and not Depicted on Sectional
  • Uses spotters to advise cease fires
  • Freedom to fly through
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9
Q

Prohibited

A

-Not allowed to fly through

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10
Q

Restricted

A

-Includes Temporary Flight Restriction(TFR)
-Airspace is temporarily closed to general public, see
NOTAMS
-Reasons Include to protect general public or security
areas such as football games, president in town, etc.
-Need Permission to enter

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11
Q

Alert

A

-Area where increased situational awareness is needed
Example: High amount of flight training occurs
-Free to Fly through

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12
Q

Warning Area

A
  • Can be hazardous to non-participating aircraft
  • usually over international waters
  • free to fly through
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13
Q

National Security Area

A

-Asked to Voluntarily avoid this area for security reasons

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14
Q

Special Flight Rules Area(SFRA)

A

-Requires special training in order to operate within

Examples: Washington, DC and Grand Canyon

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15
Q

VFR Altitudes

A
  • Must comply above 3000ft AGL
  • East is odd 1000s plus 500ft (3500, 5500, 7500)
  • West is even 1000s plus 500ft (4500, 6500, 8500)
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16
Q

Pilotage

A

-Knowing where you are by reading a map and using visual checkpoints

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17
Q

Dead Reckoning

A

-Knowing where you are by using time, groundspeed and distance

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18
Q

Dewpoint

A
  • Temperature at which air becomes fully saturated

- When temp/dewpoint spread low expect fog and low clouds

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19
Q

TAF

A
  • Valid for 24 hrs, updated every 6
  • Only Accepted within 5sm of Airport
  • If no TAF, use Graphical Forecast Area
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20
Q

Graphical Forecast Area (GFA)

A
  • Available on Aviationweather.gov
  • Use when airport does not have a TAF
  • Can see cloud coverage, ceiling, winds, storms, etc.
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21
Q

LIFR

A 
Low Instrument Flight Rules:
-Color: Magenta
-Ceiling: below 500ft AGL
and/or
-Visibility: less than 1 mile
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22
Q

IFR

A 
Instrument Flight Rules:
-Color: Red
-Ceiling: 500 to below 1000ft AGL
and/or
-Visibility: 1 miles to less than 3 miles
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23
Q

MVFR

A 
Marginal Visual Flight Rules:
-Color: Blue
-Ceiling: 1000ft to 3000ft AGL
and/or
-Visibility: 3 to 5 miles
24
Q

VFR

A 
Visual Flight Rules:
-Color: Green
-Ceiling: Greater than 3000ft AGL
and
-Visibility: Greater than 5 Miles
25
Airport Beacon
-Indicated IFR weather during daytime, or nighttime
26
Winds Aloft
- Forecast wind speed and direction and various altitudes - Absence of winds - ---Airport elevation within 1500ft of listed altitude - Absence of temp - ---Airport elevation within 2500ft of listed altitude - Temps assumed negative above 24,000ft MSL
27
High Pressure Systems
- Moves clockwise, outwards, and downwards - Poor Visibility - Brings higher pressure/density
28
Low Pressure Systems
- Moves counterclockwise, inwards, and upwards(think tornados) - Good Visibility - Includes precipitation bc of higher humidity - Lower pressure/density
29
Warm Front
- Slow Moving, so change is gradual - Stratiform Clouds - Poor Visibility bc air is stable and calm - Steady Precipitation
30
Cold Front
- Cumulus Clouds - Possible Thunderstorms - Showery Precipitation
31
Stationary Front
- When cold and warm front meet and stop movement | - lingers for a long time
32
Occluded Front
- When one front catches up to another front moving in the same direction - usually cold front catches up to warm front
33
Surface Analysis Chart: Isobars
- When closer together expect higher winds | - Pressure measured in milibars
34
AIRMET
Airmen's Meteorological Information - Valid for 6hrs - Expected weather phenomena likely to occur enroute - Tango: Turbulence, Winds greater than 30kts, low level wind shear - Sierra: IFR conditions, mountain obscurations - Zulu: Freezing - Cannot fly in known icing - Types of Ice - Clear - Rime - Mixed
35
SIGMET
Significant meteorological information - Valid for 4hrs - Stronger weather phenomena that will affect safety of all aircraft - Severe or greater turbulence - Dust or sandstorms, Volcanic Ash - Severe or greater icing
36
Convective SIGMET
SIGMET related to convective activity - Valid for 2hrs - Thunderstorms - Winds greater than 50kts - Hail 3/4in diameter or greater - Tornadoes
37
Thunderstorm: Ingredients
-Moisture -Uplifting action -Unstable air -Normal temp decreases 2 Celsius per 1000ft, unstable is 3 Celsius per 1000ft
38
Thunderstorm: Stages
``` Cumulus Stage: -Large Updrafts -Clouds are building in form and height Mature Stage(Most Dangerous): -Updraft and Downdraft -Extreme Precipitation -Lightning Dissipating Stage: -Mostly Downdrafts -Microburst is localized and can reach downdrafts of up to 6000ft a minute -Storm weakens in intensity ```
39
Weather Resources: Preflight
- Aviationweather.gov - 1800wxbrief.com - Third party sources - foreflight - weather channel - look outside
40
Weather Resources: Inflight
- ATIS/AWOS/ASOS - Onboard Equipment - ADSB-In - XM Radio - FSS - ATC Workload permitting - Phone with cell service in emergency situations
41
Weather Resources: PIREPs
Pilot Reports -Reported by Pilots -Can report anything Example: Wind Shear - Must include location, altitude which experienced, airspeed gained/lost
42
Aft GC
- Range: Increased - Fuel Burn: Decreased - Airspeed: Increased - Stall Recovery: Decreased - Landing Flare: Increased - Stability: Decreased - Low AOA
43
Forward GC
- Range: Decreased - Fuel Burn: Increased - Airspeed: Decreased - Stall Recovery: Increased - Landing Flare: Decreased - Stability: Increased - Higher AOA
44
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
- At Sea Level - Standard Pressure: 29.92" inHg - Standard Temp: 15 Celsius
45
Density Altitude
-Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature -Higher density altitude(lower air density): aircraft performance is decreased -Lower density altitude(higher air density): aircraft performance is increased
46
Pressure Altitude
-True Altitude Corrected for nonstandard Pressure
47
Indicated Airspeed (IAS)
-Airspeed indicated by airspeed indicator on PFD
48
Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)
-Corrects IAS for instrument position error
49
True Airspeed (TAS)
-Corrects CAS for nonstandard temperature -The amount of air molecules the airplane is actually flying through
50
Fuel Requirements
- Day: Original Destination + 30 minutes at normal cruise - Night: Original Destination + 45 minutes at normal cruise - School Policy: Day/Night- Original Destination + 1hr at normal cruise
51
GPS
Global Positioning System: | -Uses Satellites to Triangulate position and altitude in space
52
VOR
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range: | -Short range radio navigation equipment used to determine relative position and bearing to/from
53
Distance Measuring Equipment
- Uses Slant Range(line of sight) to determine distance - Most inaccurate when directly over top of an object - Inaccuracy negligible for every 1 mile away and 1000ft height
54
Risk Management: Preflight Planning when flying outside of home airport
NWKRAFT - NOTAMS - Weather - *Known Traffic Delays*(IFR) - Runway lengths of intended use - *Alternates*(Required under IFR) - Fuel Requirements - Take off and Landing performance data
55
Risk Management: Personal Minimums
- Conditions you are personally need to operate safe flight | - Mine?
56
Risk Management: Preflight Self Assessment
- PAVE - Personal/Pilot - Aircraft - enVironment - External Pressures - IMSAFE - Illness - Medication - Stress - Alcohol - Fatigue - Emotion/Eating
57
Unusual Attitudes
Nose High: Throttle-Max, Pitch Nose-Level, Pitch Wings-Level | Nose Low: Throttle-Idle, Pitch Wings-Level, Pitch Nose-Level

Private Pilot (10 decks)

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